functionalism

• durkheim

  - societies stay together due to social solidarity

  mechanical solidarity

  - small, traditional societies

  - people connected by living similar lives (eg farmers, same religion)

  organic solidarity

  - bigger societies

  - people are different but depend on each other just like the organs in a body

  - eg - teachers / doctors / builders are different jobs, but if one stopped working, society would struggle
• parsons

  - organic analogy - different organs work together to keep us alive in the same sense that different institutions work together to keep society stable

  consists of:

  1. system

  2. system needs

  3. functions
• traditional

  - ascription - status fixed from birth

  - diffuseness - relationships are broad with a range of purposes

  - particularism - norms emphasising treating people differently

  - affectivity - immediate gratification

  - collective orientation - putting group interests first
• modern

  - achievement - status is achieved

  - specificity - relationships are narrow and based on purpose

  - universalism - norms emphasising everyone as equals

  - affective neutrality - deterred gratification

  - self orientation - individualism - prioritising own goals
• Who is associated with the concept of social solidarity?

  Durkheim
• What is social solidarity according to Durkheim?

  • Societies stay together due to social solidarity
• What type of solidarity is found in small, traditional societies?

  Mechanical solidarity
• How are people connected in societies with mechanical solidarity?

  By living similar lives, like farmers
• What type of solidarity is characteristic of larger societies?

  Organic solidarity
• How do people in societies with organic solidarity depend on each other?

  Like organs in a body, they rely on each other
• What happens if one job in a society with organic solidarity stops working?

  Society would struggle to function properly