Physics - Key formulas: Paper 1

• Work Done (Nm)


  force (N) x distance (m)
• Gravitational Potential Energy (J)


  mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (N/kg) x height (m)
• Kinetic Energy (J)


  1/2 x mass (kg) x velocity^2 (m/s)
• Elastic Potential Energy (J)


  1/2 x spring constant (N/m) x extension^2 (m)
• Power (J/s or W)


  Energy transferred (J) / time (s)
• Efficiency (%)


  Useful energy output / total energy input
• Change in thermal energy (J)


  Mass (kg) x Specific Heat Capacity (J/kg ºC) x Temperature change (ºC)
• Current (A)


  Charge flow (C) / Time (sec)
• Potential difference (V)


  Work done (J) / Charge (C)
• Resistance (Ω)


  Potential difference (V) / Current (A)
• Power (W)


  Potential difference (V) * Current (A)
• Density (kg/m^3)


  Mass (kg) / Volume (m^3)
• Pressure (Pa or N/m^2)


  Force (N) / Surface area (m^2)
• Internal energy


  Total kinetic energy of particles + Total potential energy of particles