Reconstructive memory

• reconstructive memory theory is the idea that we alter information we have stored when we recall it, based on prior expectations/knowledge.
• schema: parcels of stored knowledge or a mental representation of information of a specific event or object.
• (strength of reconstructive memory)(supporting evidence) Bartlett's study "War of Ghosts" is high in ecological validity and mundane realism as retelling a story is a common task.
• (strength of reconstructive memory) Application- helped psychologists understand memory isn't always accurate. Developed cognitive interview to prevent inaccurate information being actively reconstructed using schemas.
• (weakness of reconstructive memory) Demand characteristics - Participants may have been aware they were part of an experiment so changed their responses to fit what was expected.
• (weakness of reconstructive memory) Retrospective nature - Participants recalled events from memory rather than recording them at time which could lead to errors due to forgetting.