14.3 Parkinson's Disease

• What is drug-induced Parkinsonism?

  Dopamine-blocking or depleting drugs → can induce parkinsonism or worsen symptoms in affected patients

  Antimuscarinic drugs can reduce these symptoms
• What is Parkinsonism?

  Hypokinesia

  Slowed movements with increased tone
• What is hypokinesia?

  Too little movement
• Give 4 examples of hypokinesia.

  Idiopathic PD

  Drug-induced Parkinsonism

  Atypical Parkinsonism

  Wilson's disease
• What is atypical Parkinsonism?

  Number of neurodegenerative disorders that affect the basal ganglia → prominent parkinsonism
• Give 3 examples of atypical Parkinsonism.

  Progressive supranuclear palsy

  Multiple system atrophy (MSA)

  Corticobasal degeneration
• What is Wilson's disease?

  Disorder of copper metabolism

  Autosomal recessive
• What is hyperkinesia?

  Too much movement
• What are the 5 types of hyperkinesia?

  Tremor

  Chorea

  Myoclonus

  Tics

  Dystonia
• What is chorea?

  excessive, irregular movements flitting from 1 body part to another (dance-like)
• What is myoclonus?

  brief, electrical shock like jerks
• What are tics?

  stereotyped movements or vocalisations
• What is dystonia?

  sustained muscle spasms → twitching movements & abnormal posture
• Give 2 examples of hyperkinetic conditions.

  Essential tremor

  Huntington's chorea
• What is essential tremor?

  Common autosomal dominant condition

  Caused bilateral, fast, low amplitude, postural tremor

  Head & voice usually involved

  Slowly progressive
• What is Huntington's chorea?

  Autosomal dominant inherited condition