Scienceee

• Layers of the Earth

  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Core
• Crust

  • First layer, made of several large and small plates
• Mantle

  • Middle layer, widest layer of earth that is made of magna
• Core

  • Central, divided into a liquid layer called OUTER CORE and a solid layer called INNER CORE
• Earthquake

  The shaking of the earth
• Seismograph

  Measures the motion of the ground during an earthquake
• Types of Earthquake

  • Volcanic earthquake
  • Tectonic earthquake
• Volcanic earthquake

  Caused by a strong volcanic eruption
• Tectonic earthquake

  Caused by the movement of the earth's crust, may occur above ground or beneath the ocean
• Magnitude

  Amount of energy released by an earthquake from its focus
• Intensity

  The effect of the earthquake
• Focus

  The break in the ground caused by the pressure of moving rocks, where the earthquake originates
• Epicenter

  The ground above the focus
• Richter Scale

  Used to measure the earth's quake magnitude
• Richter Scale

  Developed by Charles F. Richter, an American Seismologist
• PHIVOLCS

  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• Earthquake Intensity Scale

  Measures the earthquake's intensity (damage)
• 1589 - the present show that our country is frequently hit by earthquakes
• Circumpacific Belt or Pacific Ring of Fire

  Where crustal plates are weak, this area is called
• Seismologist

  People who study earthquakes
• Volcano

  The opening of the earth's crust
• Crater

  The opening of the volcano
• A volcanic eruption occurs

  When tectonic plates collide, massive rocks underground deform and trigger a build up of temperature and pressure
• Magma

  The high temperature and pressure resulting in melting rocks
• Magma chamber

  Where the magma is
• Lava

  The magma that comes out from the crater
• Types of volcanic eruption

  • Explosive
  • Non-explosive
• Explosive eruption


  When large materials of pyroclastic come out and lava flies into the air
• Non-explosive eruption

  Lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along the sides
• Pyroclastic materials

  Ashes, volcanic glass, lava, rocks (can also be beneficial to soil as they fertilize it)
• Mudflow (lahar)

  The reason for landslides, etc.
• Fumaroles

  These can provide geothermal steam to electricity
• The earth moves in constant motion (counterclockwise)
• Rotation

  The movement of the earth from its own axis (24 hours)
• Revolution

  Movement of the earth around the sun (365 and 1/4 days)
• Gregorian calendar

  Uses 365 days, a leap year is only used every 4 years
• The Earth tilts 23 degrees
• Seasons

  • Spring (March 21)
  • Summer (June 22)
  • Autumn (September 23)
  • Winter (December 22)
• Planet


  Came from the word "planetai" which means "wandering"
• Types of planets

  • Inner planets
  • Outer planets