PE114- MOTOR CONTROL

• Classification of Motor Skills

  • Gross Motor Skills
  • Fine Motor Skills
• Gross Motor Skills


  Movements of the large muscles
• Fine Motor Skills


  Coordination of small muscles
• Classification of Motor Skills

  • Continuous Motor Skills
  • Open Motor Skills
  • Close Motor Skills
  • Discrete Motor Skills
• Continuous Motor Skills


  Has no clear beginning or end, but is more a cycle of movements repeated over and over again
• Open Motor Skills


  A skill which is performed in an unstable environment, where the start point is determined by the environment
• Close Motor Skills


  A skill which is performed in a stationary environment, where the performer chooses when to start the skill
• Discrete Motor Skills


  Brief, well-defined actions with a clear beginning and end
• Measurement of Motor Performance

  • Performance Outcome
  • Performance Production
• Performance Outcome

  Measures a category of motor skill performance that indicates the outcome or result of performing a motor skill
• Performance Production

  Measures a category of motor skill performance that indicates how the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems function during the performance of a motor skill
• Measurement of Motor Performance

  • Reaction Time (RT)
  • Movement Time (MT)
  • Response Time
• Reaction Time (RT)

  The interval of time between the onset of a signal (stimulus) and the initiation of a response
• Movement Time (MT)

  The interval of time between the initiation of a movement and the completion of the movement
• Response Time

  The time interval involving both reaction time and movement time; that is, the time from the onset of a signal (stimulus) to the completion of a response
• Motor abilities and individual differences
• References

  • https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/ea/AuchinleckAcademyPE/higher-nab-revision-skill-classification/?fbclid=IwAR1Usv04n9s6w31BCNNRwfSOTFh3tTZY7GqZpZCvI6o4SVVTpEmPNUIR1gk
  • https://study.com/academy/lesson/classification-of-motor-skills.html?fbclid=IwAR3z2pmj6CeT1VuUA6SAxdIpXeuXEGGpDu6u1Ifhz7svPZZJwqUebH5oPwg#:~:text=Motor%20skills%20are%20categorized%20as,in%20the%20hand%20or%20wrist
  • https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095720968?fbclid=IwAR0ybdryLHzqxv5rqMUdryQ-bkR6-Nbpu21Gns8zWOLhQQ7uifY3FfwkNKA#:~:text=A%20skill%20containing%20a%20single,are%20examples%20of%20discrete%20skills
  • https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://mohsenibook.com/image/outputfiles/PDF/Physiotherapy/MOTOR-LEARNING-AND-CONTROL.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiat5OJ6dmEAxW8xDgGHbwGB2EQFnoECCIQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0FvJYSkibwYp7a94G9BnE3
  • https://l.messenger.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coursehero.com%2Ffile%2F50971305%2F3-Motor-Abilitiesppt%2F&h=AT2bSBwlAida9xTF3gfbKZpXhUJUjlH-pY_oKWbCMZS8RZQ_M7MpKWbwywTjhLbKxOn_9L0K0pmr6Mz0YnMQDBYk6GewUGa1SX4k89JGVCB9ID0F8hGCcpeTM0iUn3tTYtP-9g
• Motor skills


  Muscle movements children and adults use daily
• Motor skills


  • Enable movement
  • Perform tasks effortlessly
  • Ignite curiosity through play
  • Build confidence and independence
• Classifications of motor skills

  • Fine motor skills
  • Gross motor skills
• Fine motor skills

  Minor actions that use small muscle groups, require high precision, and involve eye and hand coordination
• Fine motor skills

  • Writing
  • Typing
  • Cutting with scissors
  • Drawing
• Gross motor skills

  Bigger actions that use large muscle groups found in the arms, legs, and core
• Types of motor skills

  • Discrete skills
  • Continuous skills
  • Serial skills
• Discrete skills

  Have clearly defined start and end points
• Continuous skills

  Have no defined start or end point, performed repeatedly without stopping
• Serial skills

  Consist of a series of discrete skills performed in sequence, creating an apparently continuous skill
• Types of skills

  • Closed skills
  • Open skills
• Closed skills


  Stable environment with no external interference
• Open skills


  Executed in a constantly changing environment, making it challenging to perform the skill the same way each time
• Closed skill

  • Dart throwing
• Open skill

  • Playing soccer
• Types of skills

  • Self-paced skills
  • Externally paced skills
• Self-paced skills

  Initiated and paced by the performer, deciding when to start and finish the skill
• Externally paced skills

  Initiated by external factors, with the pace of the skill determined by outside influences
• Self-paced skill

  • Tennis serve
• Externally paced skill

  • Reacting to a starting gun in a race
• Motor skill learning stages

  • Cognitive stage
  • Associative stage
  • Autonomous stage
• Cognitive stage

  • Learners focus on understanding the task and developing a mental representation of the skill, rely heavily on conscious thought, and may struggle with coordination
  • Attention is high and errors are common
  • Detailed feedback and guidance are crucial to help learners understand the task
• Associative stage

  • Learners begin to refine their movements and reduce errors, establish more consistent patterns and improve coordination
  • Attentional demands decrease compared to the cognitive stage
  • Feedback is still important but becomes more focused on refining and adjusting movements