Animal And Plant Cells

• Biology is the study of living things and their interactions with each other and their environment.
• Organisms are the name given to all living things. Examples of organisms are humans, plants and insects.
• All organisms are divided into three types. Animals, plants and micro-organisms (bacteria, virus, fungi)
• All organisms must have the Seven Characteristics Of Life to be considered an organism.
• The characteristics are respiration (energy from food), excretion (getting rid of waste), feeding, movement, reproduction, sensitivity and growth.
• Photosynthesis is the process which a plant makes its own food.
• Along with the Seven Characteristics Of Life, all organisms must have cells. There are two types of cells: Animal cells and plant cells.
• Animal cells contain cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, cell membrane and a vacuole.
• Plant cells contain cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleus, cell membrane, chlorophyll, cell wall, mitochondria, a vacuole and chloroplast.
• Cytoplasm is the fluid of the cell. It gives the cell shape and keeps the organelles in place. It also helps to break down waste
• The mitochondria allows the cell to respire.
• Ribosomes are responsible for creating protein for the cell.
• The nucleus controls the activity of the cell. it organises and protects the DNA inside the cell.
• The cell membrane allows substances in and out of the cell. It transports nutrients into the cell and toxic substances out of the cell. It also protects the cell.
• The vacuole works as storage for the cell. It holds food and water, and it handles the waste inside the cell.
• The cell wall protects the cell and can only be found in the plant cell.
• Chloroplast is the substance that allows a plant to photosynthesis. It is made up of chlorophyll
• Chlorophyll is the compound found in green plants which gives them their green colour.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Plants convert water, carbon dioxide and sunlight into oxygen, glucose and energy.
• The chemical formula for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy = C6 H12 O6 + 6O2.