Biomolecules

• Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

  • Double-helix shape
  • Genetic blueprint of an organism
  • Basis for protein production
• Nucleotide

  Basic unit of DNA composed of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nucleobase
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

  • A conjugate of a DNA chain wherein adenine is paired with uracil (U) instead of thymine
  • Version of the DNA used in protein production
• Protein


  Building blocks of life
• Amino acid

  Basic unit of protein composed of an amino group and a carboxyl group
• Carbohydrates

  Molecules in organisms that contain C, H, and O atoms
• Classification of carbohydrates


  • Monosaccharide - one sugar unit (Glucose, Fructose, Galactose)
  • Disaccharide - two sugar units (Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose)
  • Polysaccharide - three or more sugar units (Starch, Glycogen)
• Lipids and fats


  Naturally occurring molecules that are immiscible in water and dissolved only in fat solvents