endocrine system, kidneys, pancreas

• pituitary gland


  the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
• What is the pituitary gland controlled by

  hypothalamus
• endocrine system


  Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.
• Hormones


  Chemicals produced by your glands that regulate the activities of different body cells
• where are hormones released into

  bloodstream
• pituitary gland

  'master gland'. Under influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates body conditions
• thyroid gland


  produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism, heart rate and temp
• adrenal glands

  sits just above the kidneys and releases adrenaline- 'fight for flight' hormone
• Pancreas


  produces insulin and glucagon
• insulin and glucagon


  controls blood glucose levels
• what does insulin do

  lowers blood glucose levels by removing it from blood stream
• diabetes

  A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin
• Type 1 diabetes


  pancreas produces little insulin. They need insulin therapy
• insulin therapy


  replacing natural insulin
• Endocrine system is made up of glands such as:

  pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes
• pituitary gland

  produces many hormones that regulate body conditions. known as the master gland because these hormones can act on other gland controlled by hypothalamus

  
• thyroid

  produces thyroxine, which is involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
• adrenal gland

  produces adrenaline, prepares the body for fight or flight response
• pancreas

  produces insulin, which is used to regulate the blood glucose level
• ovaries

  produces oestrogen
• hormones:

  chemicals that are released into the blood that are carried to your organs
• eating carbohydrates


  puts glucose into your blood
• exercise removes


  glucose from the blood
• metabolic rate 


  the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy
• excess glucose is stored

  as glycogen in the liver and muscles
• too high blood glucose levels mean

  the pancreas will secrete insulin
• too low blood glucose levels mean

  the pancreas will secrete glucagon
• type 1 diabetes means

  the pancreas produces little to no insulin meaning their blood glucose levels can rise to a level that can kill them
• type 2 diabetes means

  that the cells no longer respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas and they become resistant to it
• type 1 diabetics need

  insulin therapy where they need to inject insulinso glucose is removed from blood when food is digested
• type 2 diabetics need

  regular exercise and to be on a carbohydrate-controlled diet
• how to lower the chance of type 2 diabeties:

  eat a healthy diet, exercise, and maintain a healthy weight
• symptoms of type 1 diabetes

  thirsty, tired, going to the toilet a lot, cloudy eyes, weight loss
• insulin


  move glucose from our bloodstream into the body's cells to make energy
• urine is made up of

  Urea, water and other waste substances
• kidneys make urine by 


  taking waste products from the blood
• filtration


  blood passes throught the kidneys and useful products are absorbed back into blood
• Hormones

  • Slow acting
  • Act for a long time
  • Act in a general way
• urine concentration is controlled by

  ADH
• water levels are too high

  osmoreceptors detect

  hypothalamus decides

  pituitary gland releases less ADH

  less water is reabsorbed from the kidney

  water level decreases

  negative feedback