FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYOLOGY

• It is the last phase in the process of fusing two haploid eukaryotic cells together

  Karyogamy
• It refers to the fusion of the two nuclei.

  Karyogamy
• It is a fertilized eukaryotic cell that forms after the union of male and female gametes.

  Zygote
• It encompasses the study of how organisms grow and develop from a single cell to a complex multicellular organism.

  Developmental Biology
• It is the process by which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote, initiating embryonic development.

  Fertilization
• It usually takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus.

  Fertilization
• Where do fertilization typically occurs?

  Fallopian tube
• This formation marks the beginning of embryonic development.

  Diploid Zygote
• This cell contains two sets of chromosomes (2n).

  Diploid
• These cells undergo mitosis.

  Diploid
• These cells are formed by the process of meiosis.

  Haploid
• This cell contain only one set of Chromosomes (n).

  Haploid
• It is the outer layer that forms the exoskeleton.

  Ectoderm
• It is the middle layer that develops into organs.

  Mesoderm
• It is the inner layer that forms the inner linings of organs.

  Endoderm
• During this process, the blastocyst undergoes a series of morphogenetic movements, leading to the formation of three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

  Gastrulation
• What are the three primary germ layers?

  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Endoderm
• It is a cluster of dividing cells made by a fertilized egg. It is the early stage of an embryo.

  Blastocyst
• It refers to a rapid cell division that leads to a multicellular embryo.

  Cleavage
• The zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage, leading to the formation of a multicellular structure called a blastocyst. 
• It is a multicellular structure which is formed after cleavage.

  Blastocyst
• This event involves the formation and differentiation of specific tissues and organs from the germ layers.

  Organogenesis
• During this event, the embryo develops into a fetus, with organs and body structures becoming more complex and functional.

  Fetal Development
• It is a developing offspring post-embryonic stage until birth.

  Fetus
• It refers to the culmination of embryonic development, where the fully formed organism exits the maternal reproductive system and begins independent life.

  Birth
• It also encompasses the study of developmental abnormalities, such as birth defects, and the mechanisms underlying regeneration and tissue repair in organisms.

  Embryology