AP 4th QT

• Italy

  • Centrally in the Mediterranean
  • Center was the city of Rome
  • Mountainous country
• Italy

  East - Adriatic Sea

  West - Tyrrhenian Sea

  South - Mediterranean Sea
• Alps Mountain

  • gives Italy pleasant climate and protection
• Po River Valley

  • fed by melting snow from the Alps provides water for the rich farming region in the North, the plain of Latium.
• Advantages of Rome

  • Watch for enemy attacks
  • Master of the peninsula
  • Located in a fertile plain
  • Easier to extend their rule
• Mediterranean Powers 800-600 BC
• People of Rome

  • They were of Indo-European origin
  • Latins
• Latins

  • Ancestors
  • Moved into Italy
  • Settled in villages along the Tiber River
• The City on Seven Hills (Rome)

  • These villages dotted over seven hills where they made their living
• Romans

  • Lived in the peninsula together with other people
  • Adapted other people's ideas
• Etruscans

  • Came from Asia Minor and ruled much of Italy including Rome
  • Introduced the alphabet to the Romans
  • Their arts was also adapted by the Romans
  • Were driven out by the Romans
• 509 BCE

  • Etruscans were driven out by the Romans
  • Founding day of Rome
  • From small village to a small city
  • Replaced the Etruscans with a republic during the History of Rome
• Republic

  • Officials were chosen by the people
  • From 509 BCE to 133 BCE
• Senate

  • Law making body of Rome
  • Chooses two consuls or officials
  • 300 members
  • Patricians
• Patricians

  • Nobility
  • Wealthy landowners
  • They will serve for life
  • Ruling political class
• Two Consuls

  • Directing the Government
  • Commanding the army
  • Had the right to veto
• Veto

  • The right to block an action or decision
• Dictator

  • would be appointed in times of crisis
  • Ruler with a complete control of the government
  • 6 months
• Plebians

  • Had no influence in the republic
  • Farmers
  • Merchants
  • Artisans
  • Traders
  • Rome's working class
• Laws of Rome

  • Carved on 12 stone tablets
  • Plebians protested that citizens could not know the law unless written down
• The Law of the Twelve Tables

  • It made possible for the Plebians to appeal a judgement given by the Patrician judge
• Tribune

  • An elected leader of Ancient Rome who represented the Plebians
  • They could veto or block laws they felt threatening to their interests
• Plebians - 200 years later...

  • Forced the senate to choose Plebians as consuls and to other high offices
  • They were also allowed in the Senate
• As the Roman government progressed, so did the army.
• Gauls

  • They burned Rome in 390 BCE
• Roman Soldiers

  Trained in the use of:

  • sling
  • javelins
  • spears
  • swords
• Citizen Soldiers

  • Fought without pay
  • supplied their own equipment
• Legion

  • Basic unit of the army
  • 5,000 - 6,000 men
• Commanders

  • they gave rewards and punishments
• Roman Family

  • They lived in large, extended families
• Romans as Fathers

  • Had the right to sell his child into slavery
  • Fair-minded
  • Discipline was strict but also concerned with the family's welfare
• Education

  • Wealthy families imported Greek tutors
  • Fathers
• School

  • History
  • Stories of Roman Heroes
  • Practical skills: Reading, Writing, Public Speaking
• Women in Early Years

  • Limited privileges
  • Under the absolute authority of their father and husband
  • Allowed to testify in courts but not allowed to vote or hold position in the government
• Time of the Empire

  • Father could no longer force his daughter to marry against her will
  • Enter into business partnership (without the approval of the husband)
  • Nobles can have the chance for education
• Vesta

  • Goddess of Hearth
• Venus - Aphrodite

  • Goddess of Love
• Mars - Ares

  • God of War
• Roman Gods

  • Adapted Greek deities and gave them Roman names
• Roman Expansion

  • Roman army expanded its power by conquering the Etruscans and other Greek city- states in the South
  • Most of the Italian Peninsula were controlled by the Romans
  • Began establishing an empire around the Mediterranean Sea
  • Its conquest in the peninsula brought a new enemy, Carthage