Smoking

• Nicotine


  Increases heart rate and blood pressure / Causes addiction
• Tar


  Lines the surface of bronchioles, making it hard to get air into the lungs / Paralyses the cilia, so mucus builds up and can't be swept away
• Carbon monoxide


  Binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells instead of oxygen, so you can't transport much oxygen around your body
• Emphysema


  Lung disease that affects the alveoli, can be described as loss of elasticity of the alveoli, presents symptoms when someone is in their 50s (usually)
• Lung cancer


  Sign of it would be blood in the sputum, caused by carcinogens
• Nicotine


  Mimics neurotransmitters at the synapses between neurone , makes platelets sticky , a chemical causes narrowing of the arteries
• Carcinogens


  Cause lung cancer
• Stroke


  Bursting of an artery near the brain can lead to it, Blood clot near the brain can lead to it, Death of part of the brain
• Coronary heart disease


  Diseases specifically relating to the main arteries of the heart, Can take forms of angina, heart attack, heart failure, Symptoms can be severe chest pain, death of part of the heart or inability of heart to pump, blood flow to heart muscle is reduced , Symptoms present in 50s usually
• Thrombosis

  Involves a clot which may break free and travel around in the arteries, A clot base a thrombus is formed
• blocked arteries

  Disease caused by fatty substances being deposited in the artery walls
• Tar


  Carcinogen that paralyses cilia, Benzo[a]pyrene is found in it, and it can mutate cells causing cancer, It settles on the airway linings increasing diffusion distance for gases