Chapter 17

• Folate: required for cell division and are critical for development of the neural tube
• Folate deficiency cam cause neural tube defects and macrocytic anemia
• Folate: 600 ug/day for pregnant woman
• Vitamin B12: regenerates active form of folate
• Vitamin B12 comes from animal foods or fortified foods
• Vitamin B12 RDA: 2.6 ug/day
• Vitamin C assists with the synthesis of collagen
• Vitamin C: 85 mg/day
• Vitamin A is important in cell differentiation. stem cels and bone growth
• Vitamin A:700 ug/day
• Vitamin A exerts teratogenic effects (wut_
• Vitamin D: helps in the absorption of calcium, skeleton
• Vitamin D does not increase during pregnanc
• Calcium helps in fetal skeletal development, RDA does not increase during pregnency
• Iron helps in the RBC and oxygen transport
• Iron increases the need during the third trimester , stores in liver for future use
• Iron-deficiency anemia increases the takes for maternal iron
• Iron: 27 mg/day
• Zinc is needed for DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
• Zinc absorption is inhibited by high intakes of nonheme iron
• Zinc: 11 mg/day
• Sodium increases body fluids
• Sodium can result in fluid retention, and high blood pressure
• Iodine is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones
• Thyroid: 220
• Prenatal multivitamin and mineral supplements are not nessecary for development
• Supplements should be taken in addition to, but not substituted by a balanced diet
• Vegans: Vitamin D, B6, B12, DHA
• Vegans: calcium, iron, zinc
• 3 liters of fluid are needed per day for pregnency
• Amniotic fluid protects and cushions the fetus
• Fluids prevents UTIs
• Milk requires 700-800 kcal a day
• Lactating women need 330-400 kcal per day
• There is gradual weightloss during pregnancy
• HIV and be transmitted through breastmilk
• Other harmful substances can be passed thru breast milk
• Maternal obesity can reduce the rate of successful breast feeding
• Infants need 40-50 kcal a day
• 40-50% of a baby's nutrients comes from fat, the other 20% from protein