Cytokines and Chemokines

• what is the function of beta defensins

  pore formation

  recruit immune cells

  degranulation
• how many proteins make up a C reactive protein

  5
• what are C reactive proteins involved in

  severe inflammation

  binds to phosphocholine in bacteria and fungi
• what type of communication do cytokines use

  autocrine and paracrine
• what are the types of cytokines

  interleukins

  interferons

  colony stimulating factors

  tumour necrosis factors
• what are the 2 main structural types of cytokines

  alpha helical

  beta pleated sheets
• what are the 3 main intracellular signalling pathways of cytokines

  Ras-MAP kinase

  JAK-STAT

  NK-kB
• what does IFNAR do

  allows uninfected cells to know when there is a virus
• what is the function of ISG

  degrade viral RNA

  disrupt viral replication

  recognise infected cells
• what cells produce type 2 interferons

  NK

  CD4+

  CD8+
• what is the effect of IFN-gamma

  primes macrophages

  MHC class 2 expression

  increases phagocyte activity
• what is the function of IL-1

  neutrophil migration

  sickness behaviours

  activate T and NK cells
• what type of cells secretes IL-6

  macrophages

  endothelial cells

  T and B cells
• what are the proinflammatory effects of IL-6

  induce fever

  increase acute phase protein production
• which interleukin is a good example of a pleiotropic cell

  IL-6
• what are the 3 main pro inflammatory cytokines

  IL-6

  IL-1 beta

  TNF alpha
• what happens when TNF-alpha reacts with epithelial cells

  apoptosis
• what happens when TNF-alpha reacts with macrophages

  inflammation
• how are chemokines named

  how many cysteine groups are on them