Biodiversity and Evolution

• Ecosystem - is all of the living organisms (plants, animals and bacteria) and the nonliving compounds (air, water, soil, weather) that interact with each other as a system.
• Biodiversity - is the variety of life in the area.
• "bios" = life

  "diversitas" = variety
• Importance of Biodiversity

  1. Sustains our life support system on earth / contributes to evironmental sustainability.
  2. Provides options for present and future generations in terms of bio-resources.
• Types of Biodiversity

  1. Species Biodiversity
  2. Genetic Biodiversity
  3. Ecological Biodiversity
• Species Biodiversity - is the number of different species in a particular area and their relative anbundance.
• Genetic Biodiversity - pertains to the variations of genes within species.
• Ecological Biodiversity - is the variation of organisms in different physical settings.
• Population - is a group of living things within a certain area that are all of the same species.
• Factors Affecting the Population Density

  1. Mobility
  2. Birth Rate
  3. Death Rate
• Mobility - increase in population when the organisms move into the ecosystem and there will be decreased in a population if the organisms move out of the ecosystem.
• Birth rate - the number of live births per year.
• Death Rate - it refers to the number of deaths in proportion to the population of a certain area.
• Limiting Factor - a resource or environmental conditions which limits the growth, distribution or abundance of organisms within a ecosystem.
• Limiting Factors

  • food
  • water
  • shelter
  • light
  • space
  • temperature
  • preys
  • soil nutrients
• Carrying Capacity - refers to the maximum site of population it can support.
• Population Density

  
• Endagered - when a species population become so low that only a vfew remain.
• Threatened - when the species declines so fast that it becomes endangered.
• Extinction - is the disappearance of a species when the last of its members die.
• Natural Causes of Species Extinction

  1. meteoric impact / cosmic radiation
  2. diseases / epidemic
  3. spread of invasive species
  4. earthquake
  5. volcanic eruption
  6. forest fires
  7. typhoon
• Man-made Causes of Species Extinction

  1. deforestation
  2. wildlife depletion
  3. water pollution
  4. eutrophication
  5. air pollution
  6. greenhouse effect
  7. destruction of coastal resources
  8. climate change