SCIENCE BIO

• Biomolecules


  Molecules and ions presents in organisms that's mainly consists of elements; CHON
• 4 Classes of biomolecules

  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Lipid
  • Nucleic Acid
• Carbohydrate


  • Most abundant biomolecules
  • Source of energy
  • Known as hydrate de carbon in French
  • Greek sakcharon= "sugar"
• Carbohydrate


  Elemental Content: CHO
• Carbohydrate


  • Polysaccharide [rice, bread, potatoes]
• Protein


  • Complex biomolecules
  • Has amino acids
• Protein

  Elemental Content: CHONS
• Protein

  • Polypeptide [egg, fish, chicken, tofu]
• Protein building block

  Amino Acid
• Lipid


  • Insoluble in water
  • Dissolve: ether, acetone bzn
• Lipid


  Elemental Content: CHO
• Lipid


  • Triglyceride [oil, cheese]
• Lipid building block

  Glycerol and Fatty acid
• Nucleic Acid


  • Nuclein – nucleotides
  • Weak acid substances
• Nucleic Acid


  Elemental Content: CHONP
• Nucleic Acid


  • DNA (double) /RNA (single)
• Nucleic Acid building block

  Nucleotide (glycerol/fatty acids)
• Types of Carbohydrates

  • Micromolecules (monosaccharide)
  • Macromolecules (disaccharide & polysaccharide)
• Monosaccharides


  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
• Disaccharides


  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose
• Polysaccharides


  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
• Fats


  Solid triglyceride from animals
• Oils


  Liquid triglyceride from plants
• Cholesterol


  Steroid that are plentiful lipid in body
• Fats in food

  • Unsaturated fats (good fats)
  • Saturated fats (bad fats)
  • Trans fats
• Unsaturated fats


  • Mostly in vegetables
  • Liquid at room temperature
  • Fatty acid chains bent in some places
• Saturated fats


  • Found in meat, dairy, coconut & palm oil
  • Mostly in animals
  • Solid at room temperature
  • Fatty acid chains are straight
• Trans fats


  • Found in processed foods
  • Increases heart disease or stroke
• Calories


  Amount of energy provided
• Vitamins & minerals - percentage of recommended daily intake