Photosysthesis

• Plants - are in the bottom parts of the food chain which are considered as primary source of food for all consumers like animals including humans.
• Photosynthesis


  A process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic organisms.
• photo = light

  synthesis = put together
• Autotrophs


  Organisms that can produce their own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy.
• Photosynthesis primarily takes place in the leaves and little or none in stems depending on the presence of chlorophyll.
• The Internal Structure of a Leaf

  • Upper and Lower epidermis protects the leaves and has nothing to do with the photosynthetic process
  • Mesophyll has the most number of chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. They are important in trapping the light energy from the sun
  • The Vascular Bundle – Phloem and Xylem which serve as transporting vessels of manufactured food and water
• In order to sustain life, all organisms require energy, but not all of them can use light energy directly for life activities.
• Stomata


  Tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allows for gas exchange
• Chloroplasts


  Plant cell organelles that contains green pigments (chlorophyll) which trap energy from the sun
• Plants are in the bottom parts of the food chain which are considered as primary source of food for all consumers like animals including humans.

  
• Leaves - It is where the photosynthesis takes place.
• Parts of a Chloroplast

  • Stroma - colorless fluid surrounding the granum
  • Granum - Series of flattened interconnected sacs that looks like a pancake
  • Thylakoid - flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana
  • Lamella - connects and separates the thylakoid stacks
• Stages and Process of Photosynthesis

  1. Light Dependent Reaction (Photochemical Stage) - occurs in Granum/Thylakoid

  2. Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle) - occurs in Stroma
• Photosynthesis


  A process of food making done by plants and other autotrophic organisms.
• Rubisco


  An enzyme found in the chloroplast (stroma) that catalyzes the reaction in which carbon dioxide combines with Ribulose Bisphosphate (RuBP) in photosynthesis
• Autotrophs


  Organisms that can produce their own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy.
• ATP

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• RuBP

  Ribulose Biphosphate
• ADP

  Adenosine Diphosphate
• NADP

  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
• NADPH

  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen
• PGA

  Phosphoglyceric Acid
• PGAL

  Phosphoglyceraldehyde or Glyceraldehyde 3 – Phosphate
• Light Dependent Reaction


  • Requires photons from light
  • Occurs in the thylakoid membrane
• The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions.
• ATP

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• RuBP

  Ribulose Biphosphate
• Calvin Cycle

  1. CO2

  2. RuBP (Ribulose Biphosphate)

  3. 2 PGA (Phosphoglyceric Acid)

  4. 6 C Sugar

  5. PGAL (used solely as a nutrient or converted to Glucose to be reused)
• ADP

  Adenosine Diphosphate
• NADP

  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
• NADPH

  Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen
• PGA

  Phosphoglyceric Acid
• PGAL

  Phosphoglyceraldehyde or Glyceraldehyde 3 – Phosphate
• Light Dependent Reaction


  • Requires photons from light
  • Occurs in the thylakoid membrane
• The goal of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is to collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH. These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions.
• Inside Stroma in Chloroplast: RuBP
• Photosynthesis

  • Light Reaction
  • Calvin Cycle
• Autotrophic Organisms - an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy.
• chemical equation

  
• inside THYLAKOIDS in CHLOROPLAST