Henry VII

• The Treaty Redon (1489)

  Henry agreed to support claim of Duke Francis' young daughter, Duchess Anne of Brittany.
• Henry sends troops to France (1492)

  Henry sends 26,000 men to invade France as Charles VIII is busy invading Italy.
• Treaty of Étaples (1492)

  Charles VIII agrees to no longer support pretenders to Henry' throne

  Charles gives Henry 50,000 crowns a year, 5% of Henry's income.
• Trade Embargo on the Flemish


  1493
• Intercursus Magnus (1496)


  The trade embargo was ended between the English and Flemish.

  Margaret of Burgundy recognises Henry's position as king.
• Treaty of Windsor (1506)

  Henry recognises Philip (married to Margaret) 's claim to Castile and they promise to assist each other against rebellions.
• Intercursus Malus (1506)

  The Flemish believe they are being too generous to the English.
• England + the Flemish (1507)

  Treaty reverts relations back to that of the Intercursus Magnus.
• Treaty of Meldina del Campo (1489)


  Marriage alliance planned between Catherine of Aragon and Prince Arthur of England. They marry 1501, then Arthur dies in 1502.
• 1502 Marriage alliance with Spain


  Marriage is instead planned between Catherine and Prince Henry of England, they did not marry until after Henry VII's death in 1509.
• Early Anglo-Scottish relations

  1485-1495 relations were very tense.
• James IV and Perkin Warbeck (1496)


  King of Scotland and Warbeck launch small army to invade England.
• Truce of Ayton (1497)

  Peace treaty between England and Scotland, was signed in 1502.
• James IV and Princess Margaret (1503)

  James IV of Scotland marries Henry's daughter, Margaret, to set in stone the peaceful relations.
• In what year did Henry VII become King of England?


  1485
• What event led to Henry VII's ascension to the throne?


  His victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field
• Why was Henry VII's claim to the throne considered weak?


  It was based on his Lancastrian descent through his mother
• What did Henry VII need to do to legitimize his rule?


  He had to work hard to consolidate his power
• What significant historical period ended with Henry VII's rise to power?

  • End of the Wars of the Roses
  • Beginning of the Tudor dynasty
• Who did Henry VII marry to unite the houses of Lancaster and York?


  Elizabeth of York
• What was the purpose of the Council Learned in the Law?


  To enforce royal prerogative and punish rivals
• How did Bonds and Recognizances function in Henry VII's reign?


  They were financial guarantees of loyalty from nobles
• What was the effect of reducing private armies during Henry VII's reign?


  It limited the military power of nobles
• What was the purpose of creating a royal bodyguard under Henry VII?


  To provide personal protection for the king
• What were the main financial policies implemented by Henry VII?


  1. Fiscal reform
  2. Expansion of crown lands
  3. Benevolences
  4. Strict enforcement of feudal dues
  5. Trade agreements
• What was the goal of Henry VII's fiscal reform?


  To improve tax collection and reduce exemptions
• How did Henry VII expand royal estates?


  Through confiscation and purchase
• What were benevolences in the context of Henry VII's financial policies?


  Forced loans from wealthy subjects
• What was the purpose of enforcing feudal dues strictly?


  To ensure traditional payments to the crown were collected
• How did trade agreements benefit Henry VII's monarchy?


  They boosted customs revenue
• What were the legal and administrative reforms introduced by Henry VII?


  1. Court of Star Chamber
  2. Expanded role of Justices of the Peace
  3. Act of Attainder
  4. Council Learned in the Law
  5. Modernization of government
• How did expanding the role of Justices of the Peace help Henry VII?


  It increased royal control over local governance
• What was the purpose of the Act of Attainder?


  To legally disinherit and execute rivals
• What diplomatic strategies did Henry VII employ?


  1. Treaty of Medina del Campo
  2. Treaty of Étaples
  3. Magnus Intercursus
  4. Truce of Ayton
  5. Diplomatic isolation of pretenders
• What was the significance of the Treaty of Medina del Campo?


  It established a marriage alliance with Spain
• What did the Treaty of Étaples achieve for Henry VII?


  It secured peace with France and financial compensation
• How did the Magnus Intercursus benefit England?


  It boosted English commerce through a trade agreement with Flanders
• What was the purpose of the Truce of Ayton?


  To secure peace with Scotland
• How did Henry VII's marriage alliances contribute to his consolidation of power?


  They strengthened England's international position and reduced the risk of foreign support for rival claimants
• How did Henry VII limit support for rival claimants?


  By diplomatically isolating pretenders