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Cards (45)
biosphere
- all ecosystems on earth
ecosystem
- all communities and their environment
community
- all populations in an area
population
- all individuals of the same species in an area
cell membrane
- cell communication and transport
genetic material
- storage of genetic information
ribosomes
- protein synthesis
nucleus
- command center
golgi apparatus
- transportation of
proteins
and other cellular components
endoplasmic
reticulum
-
protein
synthesis and
lipid
production
mitochondria
-
atp
synthesis
lysosome
- cellular digestion
chloroplast
- photosynthesis
vacuole
- storage of
food
and other cellular components
cell
wall
- structural support, protection, controls
cell
transportation
centrioles
- production of
spindle
fibers during cell division
organelles only in prokaryotes:
nucleoid
region
capsule
plasmid - extra, circular dna
pilli
organelles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
ribosomes
cytoplasm
cell membrane
genetic
material
organelles in animal cells -
centriole
organelles only in plant cells:
chloroplast
plasmodesma
cell wall
base pairings of nucleid acids
DNA:
adenine-thymine
,
guanine-cytosine
RNA:
adenine-uracil
, guanine-cytosine
DNA to RNA:
thymine-adenine
,
adenine-uracil
, guanine-cystosine
RNA:
ribonucleic
acid
sugar backbone:
ribose
no. of strands:
single
DNA:
deoxyribonucleic
acid
sugar backbone:
deoxyribose
no. of strands:
double
prophase
- chromosomes become distinct in diploid cell
metaphase
— chromosomes line uo
anaphase
— sister chromatids head towards opposite poles
telophase
— cell splits; 2 diploid cells formed
carbohydrates
building blocks:
monosaccharides
examples: starch,
cellulose
proteins
building blocks: amino
acids
examples: enzymes,
hormones
lipids
building blocks:
fatty
acids
,
glycerol
examples:
steroids
, fats
nucleic acids
building blocks:
nucleotides
examples:
DNA
,
RNA
prokaryotic - no
true
nucleus
, no membrane-bound organelles, mostly
unicellular,
kingdom
archaeabacteria
eukaryotic - has true
nucleus,
has
membrane-bound
organelles,
unicellular
and multicellular, kingdoms: animalia, plantae,
fungi,
protista
cell
- most basic unit of life
organism
- made up of cells
all cells come from other
cells
all cells have similar
biomolecules
and
biochemical
reactions
all cells contain
genetic material
which is passed from one cell to another
all
chemical
and
physiological
processes happen in the cell
mitosis - equational division, diploid (2n) to diploid (2n), 2 daughter cells, produces somatic or body cells, for growth and repair
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