biology

Cards (45)

  • biosphere - all ecosystems on earth
  • ecosystem - all communities and their environment
  • community - all populations in an area
  • population - all individuals of the same species in an area
  • cell membrane - cell communication and transport
  • genetic material - storage of genetic information
  • ribosomes - protein synthesis
  • nucleus - command center
  • golgi apparatus - transportation of proteins and other cellular components
  • endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis and lipid production
  • mitochondria - atp synthesis
  • lysosome - cellular digestion
  • chloroplast - photosynthesis
  • vacuole - storage of food and other cellular components
  • cell wall - structural support, protection, controls cell transportation
  • centrioles - production of spindle fibers during cell division
  • organelles only in prokaryotes:
    1. nucleoid region
    2. capsule
    3. plasmid - extra, circular dna
    4. pilli
  • organelles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
    1. ribosomes
    2. cytoplasm
    3. cell membrane
    4. genetic material
  • organelles in animal cells - centriole
  • organelles only in plant cells:
    1. chloroplast
    2. plasmodesma
    3. cell wall
  • base pairings of nucleid acids
    • DNA: adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine
    • RNA: adenine-uracil, guanine-cytosine
    • DNA to RNA: thymine-adenine, adenine-uracil, guanine-cystosine
  • RNA: ribonucleic acid
    1. sugar backbone: ribose
    2. no. of strands: single
  • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
    1. sugar backbone: deoxyribose
    2. no. of strands: double
  • prophase - chromosomes become distinct in diploid cell
  • metaphase— chromosomes line uo
  • anaphase— sister chromatids head towards opposite poles
  • telophase— cell splits; 2 diploid cells formed
  • carbohydrates
    1. building blocks: monosaccharides
    2. examples: starch, cellulose
  • proteins
    1. building blocks: amino acids
    2. examples: enzymes, hormones
  • lipids
    1. building blocks: fatty acids, glycerol
    2. examples: steroids, fats
  • nucleic acids
    1. building blocks: nucleotides
    2. examples: DNA, RNA
  • prokaryotic - no true nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, mostly unicellular, kingdom archaeabacteria
  • eukaryotic - has true nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles, unicellular and multicellular, kingdoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
  • cell - most basic unit of life
  • organism - made up of cells
  • all cells come from other cells
  • all cells have similar biomolecules and biochemical reactions
  • all cells contain genetic material which is passed from one cell to another
  • all chemical and physiological processes happen in the cell
  • mitosis - equational division, diploid (2n) to diploid (2n), 2 daughter cells, produces somatic or body cells, for growth and repair