Family

• Norms


  Unwritten rules of society
• Values


  Important ideas and beliefs about how we should live our life
• Culture


  A shared way of life in a society
• Identity


  The idea about who you are and your sense of self, how you see yourself and how others see you (CAGE)
• Roles


  The job you play in society, each job has its own norms associated with them
• Status


  The level of importance a person has in society. There is ascribed (born into your status) and achieved (get your status via hard work)
• Socialisation


  The process in which we learn the norms, values, and culture of our society. There is primary (socialisation via family during our early years) and secondary (socialisation via school and other institutions)
• Institutions in secondary socialisation

  • Media
  • Education
  • Peer groups
  • Religion
  • Workplace
• Gender roles


  Characteristics and behaviours that are expected to form based on gender
• Canalisation


  During primary socialisation, parents buy particular toys for their children. This is a type of manipulation that can change children's behaviour. e.g. boys act more aggressive because they play with more aggressive toys like action figures.
• Gendered Subjects


  School subjects can be more feminine or masculine
• Types of social control

  • Formal
  • Informal
• Formal social control


  Agents of society that have jobs to control behaviour. e.g. police, courts, army
• Informal social control


  Other agents that control behaviour but through norms and values
• Sanctions


  A way to get people to conform. There are negative sanctions which are given through punishments, and positive sanctions which are given through rewards
• Formal sanctions


  Given by formal agents of social control when breaking laws
• Informal sanctions


  Given by other agents of socialisation when breaking unwritten laws of society
• Family


  A group of people related by ties, blood, or marriage - this is a traditional meaning, is problematic as it ignores family diversity
• Marriage


  Legal recognition of two partners in a relationship
• Monogamy


  Being married to one person at a time
• Polygamy


  Being married to more than one person at the same time
• Cohabitation


  Living together without being married
• Nuclear family


  The traditional family type, includes a mother, father, and children
• Lone parent family


  A family type with the kids and one parent. This can be due to divorce, death etc.
• Bean-pole family


  2 adults and one child
• Reconstituted family


  When 2 adults from broken families re-join to make one new one. e.g. stepparent
• Extended family


  A type of family that includes relatives from the same generation. e.g. aunties
• Same sex family


  A family where the parents are of the same sex
• Changes in family structures happened over 50 years
• Marriage rates have declined
• Remarriage and serial monogamy have become normalised
• Serial monogamy

  A person that has multiple relationships that do not overlap
• Same sex marriage legalised in 2013
• Divorce


  Legal recognition of the breakup of a marriage
• Divorce rates have increased
• Divorce reform act 1969 - easier and cheaper to get a divorce
• Women are having fewer children - 1960s women had had three children by the time they have 1 now
• Cohabitation and single parent have increased
• In Asian families there is a 21% chance that they will be an extended family, 6% chance there will be a lone parent family
• In black families there is an 8% chance that they will live in an extended family, 19% chance they will be a lone parent family