Apes unit 6

• Renewable energy sources

  • Wind
  • Hydropower
  • Solar
  • Geothermal energy
• Renewable energy

  Replaced in a short period of time
• Nonrenewable energy sources


  • Fossil fuels
  • Nuclear and natural gas
• Nonrenewable energy


  Exist in fixed amounts
• Energy sources used by countries

  • Fossil fuels
  • Biomass
• Developed countries

  Use more fossil fuels
• Developing countries

  Use Biomass
• No such thing as clean coal: Bitumen is the cleanest of  oil
• • Peat: partially decomposed organic matter that can be burned for fuel
• Anthracite: most valuable coal
• Coal mining has many negative impacts on the environment, including air pollution from burning coal, water pollution from runoff containing toxic chemicals, destruction of habitats, and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Natural Gas: cleanest fossil fuel, mostly methane
• • Crude oil: decaying organic matter trapped under bedrock compressed into oil
• Tar sands are not actually sand but clay mixed with bitumen (heavy crude oil)
• Fracking


  Natural gas extraction method where fracking fluid is injected into a well under high pressure. This opens rock fissures which release oil or natural gas.
• Tar/oil sands


  Bitumen deposits where crude oil can be recovered with higher water and energy input
• Coal


  • Benefits: Abundant, Easy to mine
  • Cons: Very dirty, CO2 more than any other FF, NOx SOx PM
• Oil


  • Benefits: Easy to transport, Current infrastructure made for it
  • Cons: Dirty and toxic, Very limited resources, Tar sands (hab destruction, groundwater)
• Energy production


  Fossil fuels, heat, water into steam, steam turns turbine, turbine powers generator, electricity
• Nuclear fission


  Usually uranium, plutonium, or other radioactive elements (non-renewable)
• Control rods

  • Where meltdowns happen
• No air pollutants released by Nuclear Energy
• Biomass Energy


  Biomass that is grown specifically to be burned (corn, trees, switchgrass, wood)
• Biomass Energy releases modern CO2 that has been taken out of the atmosphere
• Byproduct that is not grown specifically to be burned

  Dung in developing countries
• Growing corn to make ethanol

  Using leftover stocks to burn to convert corn to ethanol
• Biofuels


  Liquid fuels from biomass (ethanol)
• Passive solar energy

  Not specifically using machines: heat comes in through windows, warming up titles
• Active solar energy

  Requires use of photovoltaic (PV) cells, such as in solar panels, that is then converted into mechanical energy that goes through the process of creating solar energy
• No air pollutions, no CO2, no mining from Solar Energy
• Hydroelectric Power


  Moving water spins turbines to produce electricity (dams)
• Run of river and tidal energy

  Dam diverts the natural current of the river through a man-made channel beside the river, not a lot of electricity
• Geothermal Energy


  Using heat stored in the earth to heat water
• Geothermal Energy is renewable since heat won't run out
• Ground source pump


  Ground storing heat from the sun
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells

  Right now, not currently a clean energy source because they are created by fossil fuels
• If the technology is correct, then eventually hydrogen fuel cells will be able to be a clean energy source
• Outputs of Hydrogen Fuel cells

  Water vapor and heat
• Wind Energy


  Wind spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator
• Energy Conservation Solutions


  • Lower AC, using energy efficient appliances, using less water
  • Increase public transportation, subsidizing vehicles with renewable energy