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Human physiology
Movement
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Musculoskeletal system
Roles: movement, support, protection
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Bone
Rigid nature supports and protects organs
Provides structure for muscles to pull and create movement
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Movement
1. Muscles contract
2. Muscles pull on tendons
3. Tendons attached to bones
4. Bones act as levers
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Antagonistic muscles
Muscles that work in opposite directions to produce controlled movement
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Antagonistic muscles in insect leg
Extensor tibiae muscle (extends leg)
Flexor tibiae muscle (flexes leg)
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Skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairs
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Synovial joints allow certain movements but not others
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Skeletal muscle fibres
Multinucleate
Contain specialized endoplasmic reticulum
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Muscle fibres
Contain many myofibrils
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Myofibril
Basic rod-like contractile unit within a muscle cell
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Sarcomere
Contractile unit of a myofibril
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Muscle contraction
Sliding of actin and myosin filaments
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ATP hydrolysis
Necessary for filaments to slide
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Calcium ions, tropomyosin, troponin
Control muscle contractions
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Fluorescent calcium indicators and dyes used to study rapid muscle contraction
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Ashley and Ridgway first studied role of calcium ions in muscle contraction using aequorin
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