Paper 2

• Health

  A state of complete physical, emotional and social well being, and not

  merely the absence of disease
• PHYSICAL

  is anything to do with the body
• EMOTIONAL

  anything to do with your mind
• SOCIAL

  anything to do with your relationship with other people
• Physical Reasons

  improve muscular strength and endurance

  improve CV fitness

  increase ability to fight illness

  body composition

  decreases bone disease
• Emotional Reasons

  increased self esteem

  reduces mental health problems

  pride in performance

  satisfaction

  anger and stress relief
• Social Reasons

  make new friends

  good communication skills

  co-ordination and teamwork

  respect for opponents
• Health benefits

  good fitness

  lowers mental problems

  help with weight control

  lowers chance of illness

  stronger bones

  lowers HR and BP
• Health drawbacks

  risk of injury

  competition pressure

  obsessive interests

  early specialisation reduces future opportunities
• Healthy Diet

  boosts energy levels

  supplies nutrients

  improves sleep

  reduces health problems
• Unhealthy Diet

  risk of health disease

  depression from overeating

  tiredness

  lack of nutrients
• Good Work/Rest/Sleep

  improves your physical, emotional and social health

  reduce stress

  more productive
• Bad Work/Rest/Sleep

  leads to weight gain

  increase your risk of illness/disease

  increase stress and anxiety
• Good Activity

  lower risk of disease

  improved mental health

  increased self esteem

  reduced stress and anxiety
• Smoking affects

  strokes

  damages alveoli

  causes breathlessness (Emphysema)

  reduced cardiovascular fitness

  increased blood pressure

  increased risk of lung cancer
• Alcohol affects

  affects the brain

  slow reactions

  increased blood pressure

  loss of co-ordination

  increased weight and dehydration

  increased risk of cancers

  weakens Immune System
• Macro - Nutrients

  needed in large amounts
• Micro - Nutrients

  needed in small amounts
• Carbohydrates (55%)

  main source of energy

  stored in muscles
• Proteins (15%)

  used for growth and repair
• Fats (30%)

  protects vital organs

  can be used for low intensity energy
• Optimum Weight

  The most favourable weight to produce their best performance in their sport
• Factors of Optimum Weight

  height

  gender

  bone density

  muscle size
• Closed Skill

  in a stable environment

  with clear start and finish

  tend to be self-paced

  eg. forward roll
• Open Skill

  in a changing environment

  in competitive situations

  eg. hockey pass
• Basic Skill

  easy

  needs little concentration

  eg. running 100m
• Complex Skill

  needs complete attention

  technically difficult

  eg. somersault
• Low organisation

  easily broken down into simple phrases

  eg. dance rountine
• High Organisation

  cannot be learnt in stages

  eg. golf swing
• Fixed Practise

  repeatedly done, over and over

  good for beginners
• Variable Practise

  repeated in changing situations

  good for mimicking games
• Massed Practise

  training continuously

  increases fitness and technique
• Distributed Practise

  training with breaks

  allows for rest and reflection
• Visual Guidance

  shown by demonstrations

  done in groups and can be easily copied

  if demo is wrong, results in incorrect learning
• Verbal Guidance

  given by explanation

  given quickly, and during games

  relies on coaches communication
• Manual Guidance

  moved into position

  builds confidence in beginners

  can become reliant on it
• Mechanical Guidance

  using equipment

  builds confidence and reduces danger

  can become dependant and expensive
• Intrinsic Feedback

  comes from the performer

  affects motivation
• Extrinsic Feedback

  comes from an outside source like a coach
• Concurrent Feedback

  given during the performance