Iron deficiency anemia

• Causes:

  • inadequate dietary intake
  • malabsorption in duodenum
  • blood loss
  • hemolysis
• Clinical manifestations

  • pallor in skin or subconjunctival sac
  • inflammation of tongue (glossitis)
  • cheilitis: inflammation or fissures of lips
  • sensitivity to cold
  • weakness and fatigue
• Diagnostic studies

  • CBC
  • iron studies : serum iron and Ferritin levels 
  • gastroscopy or colonoscopy
• Collaborative care

  • treatment of underlying disease or problem
  • replacing iron in diet or drug therapy
• Iron replacement therapy

  • absorbed best in acid environment (before meal)
  • adverse effects: heartburn, constipation, black stool, staining of teeth
• Vitamin C aids in iron absorption (acidic environment)
• Liquid iron should be diluted and ingested through a straw to prevent staining of teeth
• Nursing management

  • assess cardio and resp status
  • monitor VS
  • recognize S&S of bleeding including stool
  • provide periods of rest
  • discuss diagnostic studies
• Nursing teaching

  • diet: food rich in iron
  • supplemental iron for 2-3 after hemoglobin level return back to normal
  • emphasize adherence to diet and interventions