Pharm Final Deck

• Cyclophosphamide indication?


  Part of multi-agent protocols in the treatment of canine and feline lymphomas and canine malignant mammary gland tumors.
• Cyclophosphamide adverse effect?

  myelosupression

  GI toxicity

  Alopecia

  Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis infrequently - if cystitis occurs the stop drug
• Chlorambucil indictions?

  slower growing neoplasia such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and also lymphoma and mast cell tumor
• Chlorambucil Adverse effects?

  myelosuppression neutropenia
• Melphalan indication?


  treat multiple myeloma in dogs and cats.

  used a rescue therapy for relapsed lymphoma in dogs.
• Melphalan adverse effects?


  myelosuppression - delayed

  thrombocytopenia cats > dogs
• lomustine indications?


  BBB

  treat tumors in brain and meninges.

  brain tumor, histocystic sarcoma, meat cell tumors, epitheliotropic and relapsed or refractory lymphomas.

  adverse effects:

  severe cumulative depressive effect on bone marrow.

  hepatotoxicity with chronic use
• Class 1A : sodium channel blocker

  Quinidine ?

  manage atrial fibrillation in horse \prolongs refractory period of atrial muscles.

  Adverse : hypotension, prolonged QRS complex, arrhythmias, decrease contractibility.

  urticarial wheels, colic like symptoms, inflammation of nasal mucosa, respiratory difficulty and laminitis
• Class 1 A : sodium channel blocker

  Procainamide ?

  treat ventricular and super ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias. not first choice because of adverse side effects.

  adverse: Pro-arrhythmic, GI signs, widen QRS and QT intervals, hypotension
• Class 1B: sodium channel blocker

  Lidocaine?

  acutely converting ventricular arrhythmia to sinus rhythm.

  rapid effects. Do not administer orally.

  adverse: neuro =cats

  Do not use in cats
• Class 1B: sodium blocker

  Mexiletine?

  orally administration

  chronic management of ventricular arrhythmia

  adverse : safe drug. loss appetite or vomiting, nausea, anorexia, depression , bradycardia
• Class 2: decrease ventricular response

  Atenolol ?

  atrial fibrillation

  supraventricular tachycardias

  adverse: ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
• Class 2 :

  Esmolol ?

  acute termination of rapid supraventricular tachycardias

  adverse : ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (acute management )
• Class 2 :

  Metoprolol?

  atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardias

  adverse: ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias - chronic management
• Class 2:

  Propanolol?

  supraventricular tachycardias

  adverse:atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias
• Sotalol? As B antagonist

  Supraventricular tachycardias and ventricular tachycardias

  adverse: ventricular tachyarrhythmias
• Class 3 : K blocker

  Aminodarone?

  orally

  treat very difficult atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs.

  atrial fibrillation in horses

  adverse: dose dependent, anorexia, vomiting, severe neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and hepatotoxicity.

  dobermans more prone.
• Class 3 : k blocker

  Sotatol?

  weak blocker

  very effective and safe ventricular tachyarrhythmic

  add to mexiletine

  limited adverse effects
• Class 4 : calcium blocker

  Amlodipine?


  manage systemic hypertension

  treat heart failure

  preferred drug for systemic hypertension in cats

  adverse: new inotropic effects, reduce cardiac output, and hypotension, sinus bradycardia and heart block.
• Class 4 : calcium blocker

  Diltiazem?


  supraventricular tachycardia
• Digoxin?

  anti-arrhythmic

  congestive heart failure

  atrial fibrilllation

  adverse: dose dependent based on body weight

  mild GI upset

  neurological signs

  Death, inappetence, depression, loose stool, vomiting with diarrhea
• Pimobendan?


  increases inotropy

  balance vasodilation

  positive Iusitropic effects - increased rate of myocardial relaxation

  adverse: well tolerated and safe

  do not use din patients with outflow obstruction
• Benazepril and Enalapril?

  chronic management of heart failure

  management of systemic hypertension. clinical and subclinical cardiac diseases and proteins renal disease. chronic kidney disease.

  adverse: hypotension
• Prazosin - vasodilator ?

  renal hypertension

  vesicourethral reflex dyssynergia in dogs ( urinary incontience)
• Hydralazine Hydrochloride?


  oral

  management of congestive heart failure secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease

  adverse: tachycardia, hypotension, monitor heart rate after given drug
• Amlodipine - vasodilators?


  manage systemic hypertension

  treat heart failure

  adverse: negative inotropic effects

  reduce CO and hypertension

  sinus bradycardia

  heart block
• sodium nitroprusside ?

  supplemental to loop diuretics.

  adverse : stop drug after 24hours bc of tolerance
• Sildenafil ?

  naturally occurring pulmonary hypertension in dogs with concurrent MMVD
• Apomorphine?

  emetic drug

  effective in dogs, not for cats.

  vomiting in 5-10 min

  do not work on sedated and motionless animals

  do not give IM
• Ropinrole?

  emetic drug

  effective in dogs

  administered as eye drops
• Xylazine ?

  emetic drug

  effective in cats

  adverse: profound sedation and hypotension so please monitor patient
• dexmedatomidine?

  emetic drug
• hydrogen peroxide?

  small doses until animal vomits

  administer cautiously in cats because foam causes aspiration pneumonia
• Chlorpromazine and acepromazine?

  broad spectrum antiemetic

  adverse: sedation, altered involuntary movements, vasodilation
• Atropine?

  Not first drug to use

  antiemetic

  cases of vestibular stimulation (motion sickness)

  adverse: xerostomia (dry mouth)

  decrease stomach emptying, ileus, urine retention, constipation
• Diphenhydramine and Dimenhydrinate?

  safe drug lead to sedation
• Metoclopramide?

  antiemetic drug

  vomiting caused by GI disease

  adverse: CNS effects = excitement and behavior changes observed, + GI motility leading to abdominal discomfort

  Do not use when you have GI obstruction
• ondansetron and dolasetron?

  vomiting associated with Cancer chemotherapy, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease

  adverse : constipation, sleepiness, head shaking, abnormal heart rhythms, low BP, fainting/collapse or severe lethargy.

  GIVE SQ
• Maropitant?


  broad spectrum antiemetic - dogs and cats

  doesn’t help nausea

  adverse: analgesia and decrease coughing
• Mirtazapine?

  antiemetic and appetite stimulant. (Anti-nausea)

  cats with chronic kidney disease

  not for dogs !