Laboratory Biosafety

Created by

Ramos

Cards (36)

Things to consider in Practical Microbiology Investigations
Preparation and sterilization of equipment and culture media.
Preparation of microbial cultures as stock culture for future investigations
Inoculation of the media with the prepared culture.
Incubation of cultures and sampling during growth.
Sterilization and safe disposal of all cultures and decontamination of all contaminated equipment
This is aimed at developing proficiency in containing any uncontrolled spread of microbes in order to protect practical investigations from becoming contaminated and the operators from infection
Good Microbiological Laboratory Practice (GMLP)
What type of barrier is a personal protective equipment between lab worker and pathogen like gloves, masks, and etc.?
Primary Barriers
What type of barrier is the structural aspects of the laboratory that make working environment safer against infection like sinks for handwashing, special containment areas, and etc ?
Secondary Barriers
It includes hand hygiene, gloves, gown, masks, eye protection and require that all equipment or contaminated items are handled to prevent transmission of infectious agents.
Universal Precautions
Why is Biosafety Important?
Laboratorians recognize hazards of processing infectious agents.
Guidelines developed to protect workers in microbiological and medical labs through engineering controls, management policies, work practices
While handling or testing clinical specimens, workers could accidentally infect themselves or coworkers
Labs must adhere to very specific safety regulations to work with organisms that pose a threat to human health.
Regulations outline precautions, special practices, decontamination procedures
Labs are divided into 4 biosafety levels and protective practices increase with each level
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 1: (NIH) Agents not associated with disease in healthy adult humans
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 1: (WHO) No or low individual and community risk. A microorganism unlikely to cause human or animal disease
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 2: (NIH) Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 2: (WHO) Moderate individual risk; low community risk. A pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers. Lab exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 3: (NIH) Agents associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available. High individual risk but low community risk
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 3: (WHO) High individual risk; low community risk. A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another. Effective treatment and preventive measures are available
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 4: (NIH) Agents likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive and therapeutic interventions are not usually available (high indiviual risk and high community risk)
Classification of Infectious Microorganisms by risk group
Risk Group 4: (WHO) High Individual risk and community risk. A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly. Effective treatment and preventive measure are not usually available.
Relation of Risk Groups to Biosafety Levels, practices and equipment
Risk group: 1
Biosafety Level: 1
Lab Type: Basic teaching, research
Lab Practices: GMT
Safety Equipment: None, open benchwork
Relation of Risk Groups to Biosafety Levels, practices and equipment
Risk group: 2
Biosafety Level: 2
Lab Type: Primary Health services; diagnostic services, research
Lab Practices: GMT plus protective clothing, biohazard sign
Safety Equipment: Open bench plus BSC for potential aerosols
Relation of Risk Groups to Biosafety Levels, practices and equipment
Risk group: 3
Biosafety Level: 3
Lab Type: Special Diagnostic services, research
Lab Practices: As Level 2 plus special clothing, controlled access, directional airflow
Safety Equipment: BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities
Relation of Risk Groups to Biosafety Levels, practices and equipment
Risk group: 4
Biosafety Level: 4
Lab Type: Dangerous pathogen units
Lab Practices: As level plus airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal
Safety Equipment: Class III BSC, or positive pressure suits in conjunction with Class II BSCs, double-ended autoclave (through the wall), filtered air
Biosafety Level 2
Agents associated with human disease
Agents do not cause lethal infections, are not transmissible via airborne route
agents are pathogens for which immunization or antibiotic treatment is available
extreme care should be taken with contaminated needle and sharp lab instruments
Biosafety Level 2
Primary Barriers: biosafety cabinets or other approved containment devices
Personal protective equipment: lab coats, gloves, face protection
Cabinets thoroughly decontaminated everyday
Secondary barriers: BSL-1 barriers plus autoclave for glassware
Biosafety Level 3
Agents with potential for respiratory transmission, may cause serious and potential lethal infection
Biosafety Level 3
Primary hazards: needle sticks, ingestion, exposure to infectious aerosols
Biosafety Level 3 (Standard Practices)
strictly controlled access to the lab
specific training for lab personnel in handling potentially lethal agents
decontaminating all waster
changing contaminated protective lab clothing, decontaminating lab clothing before laundering
institutional policies regarding specimen collection and storage from workers to establish exposure
Biosafety Level 3
Tularemia common source of laboratory acquired infection
infections occur while handling infected animals or experimenting with cultures
laboratory-acquired infections known to occur but not reportable before 9/11/2001
Tularemia now classified as potential biological weapon
Biosafety Level 4
Dangerous and exotic agents with high risk of life-threatening disease, aerosol-transmitted
Related agents with unknown risk of transmission
Biosafety Level 4
Personnel must receive specialized training in handling extremely dangerous infectious agents, containment equipment and functions
access to lab is restricted, immunocompromised persons are never allowed to enter
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Personnel protection, microorganism in Risk group 1-3
BSC Selection: Class I, Class II, Class III
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Personnel protection, microorganism in Risk group 4, glove-box laboratory
BSC Selection: Class III
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Personnel protection, microorganism in Risk group 4, suit laboratory
BSC Selection: Class I, Class II
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Product protection
BSC Selection: Class II, Class III only if laminar flow included
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Volatile radionuclide/ chemical protection, minute amounts
BSC Selection: Class IIB1, ClassIIA2 vented to the outside
Selection of a biological safety cabinet (BSC), by type of protection needed
Type of protection: Volatile radionuclide/ chemical protection
BSC Selection: Class I, Class IIB2, Class III