Integumentary

Cards (75)

  • What does integument mean?
    • covering
  • Components of integumentary system:
    • skin
    • hair
    • nails
    • glands
  • Functions of integumentary system:
    • Protection
    • Sensation
    • Temperature regulation
    • Excretion
    • Vitamin D production
  • Skin weighs 9 lbs
  • 2 Main regions of skin:
    • epidermis
    • dermis
  • Epidermis - 1st major skin region (outside)
  • Epidermis - skin region that is composed of stratified squamous epithelium
  • Keratinization: process in which new cells (with keratin) push old cells to surface
  • In keratinization, it takes 40-56 days for new cells to reach surface
  • Layers of Epidermis:
    • Stratum corneum
    • Stratum lucideum
    • Stratum granulosum
    • Stratum spinosum
    • Stratum basale
  • Stratum corneum:
    • outermost layer of epidermis
  • Stratum corneum accounts for 75% of epidermal thickness
  • Stratum corneum: this layer of epidermis is flaking off scalp called dandruff
  • Callus: forms when stratum corneum has frequent friction
  • Stratum basale: deepest layer of epidermis that has single layer and is firmly attached to dermis
  • Dermis - 2nd major skin region
  • Dermis:
    • Dense connective tissue
    • Contains collagen and elastic fibers
    • Contains fibroblasts, nerve endings, smooth muscle, glands, blood
  • Cleavage lines:
    • area where skin is most resistant to stretching due to orientation of collagen fibers
    • important in scarring
  • Layers of Dermis:
    • Papillary layer
    • Reticular layer
  • Papillary layer: thin connective tissue layer that contains blood vessels
  • Dermal papillae are the tiny projections on the epidermis that is ridged on hands and feet (fingerprints)
  • Reticular layer: deepest layer of dermis and accounts for 80% of dermis
  • Hypodermis - the layer of fatty tissue beneath the dermis
  • Hypodermis: layer of skin that attaches skin to underlying muscle and bone
  • Hypodermis contains loose and adipose tissue
  • Body fat for females 20-23%, males 13-25%
  • Skin Color and Variations is determined by:
    • pigments
    • genetics
    • blood circulation
    • thickness of stratum corneum
  • All races have same number of melanocytes
  • Melanin: produced by melanocytes
  • albinism is absence of melanin
  • melanin responsible for hair and eye color
  • Carotene:
    yellow-orange pigment found in plants
    • accumulates in stratum corneum
  • Hemoglobin:
    gives pinkish-red color
    • found in red blood cells
  • Redness is a skin color caused by fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergies
  • Pallor is a skin color caused by anemia or low blood pressure
  • Jaundice is a skin color caused by liver disorder (yellow)
  • Bronzing is a skin color caused by Addison’s disease (kidney disease)
  • Bruising is a skin color caused by broken blood vessels
  • Hair/shaft: flexible strands of keratinized cells
  • Root: hair component that is below skin (scalp)