english

• Research is recursive because it involves performing steps in a cyclical way
• Research is empirical because it is based on verifiable evidence, observation, or experiences
• Research is logical because it is based on sound principles and systematic procedure
• Research requires higher order thinking skills. It involves interpreting data and drawing conclusions from the gathered data
• Research is replicable because it can be repeated by other researchers as long as its methodology is sufficiently detailed
• Research is solution-oriented because it aims to address a particular problem
• Research is objective because it requires accurate recording of data through observation, interviews, experiments, and other means
• Research requires sufficient sources of data
• Title page information


  • Title of research work
  • First name and surname of author(s)
  • Name of school
• Abstract


  Brief summary of research work to provide reader with most important information
• Table of Contents


  Topic outline of the research work, listing headings down to chosen level
• Introduction


  Introduces the topic of the research work and provides context
• Significance of the Study

  Focuses on who will benefit from the study and states the contribution and usefulness of the research
• Statement of the Problem

  The problem must not be answerable by yes or no and must be arranged in the flow of the study
• Scope and Delimitation


  Scope is the coverage of the study, delimitation is the limitation of the study or topic
• Definition of Terms


  Must be arranged alphabetically and defined technically or operationally
• Related Literature / Studies


  Gathers data and information from books, magazines, newspapers, and latest published materials
• Research Design


  Appropriate research design should be specified and described
• Population Sample


  Describes the population of interest and the sampling of subjects used
• Research Instrument


  Describes the instrument and what it will measure, states qualifications of respondents
• Data Gathering Procedure


  Describes how the instrument will be administered
• Data Processing Procedure


  Describes the treatment of data
• Presentation of Data


  Presents the findings of the study in order of the specific problem
• Analysis of Data


  Analyzes the data in depth to give meaning
• Interpretation of Data


  Links the present findings with the previous literature
• Summary of Findings

  Describes the problem, research design, and the findings in paragraph form
• Conclusions


  Brief, generalized statements in answer to the general and specific problems, flexible and not necessarily one-to-one with problems and findings
• Recommendations


  Based on the findings and conclusions, may be specific or general, include suggestions for further studies, should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, and adaptable
• Definition


  A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol
• Formal Definition


  A one senctence explanation of the meaning of a word. Consists of three parts.
• Term


  Word or phrase to be defined.
• Class


  Concept to which the term belong.
• Differentiating Characteristics


  Distinguish it from all others of its class.
• Technical Definition


  Detailed description of a term, process, phenomenon, or specialized words which belong to a particular subject.
• Operational Definition


  Description of something in terms of the operations (procedures, actions, or processes) by which it could be measured and observed.
• Operational definition


  1. Establishes the rules and procedures the researcher uses to measure the Variable

  2. Provides unambiguous and consistent meaning to terms/variables that otherwise, can be interpreted in different ways

  3. Makes the collection of data as well as the analysis more focused and efficient

  4. Guides what type of data and information we are looking for
• A subject will come before a phrase beginning with of.
• Two singular subjects connected by or, either/or, or neither/nor requires a singular verb.
• The verb in either/or, or neither/nor sentence agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it.
• A general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by and.