ITERA#1

• Information


  • Facts provided or learned about something or someone
  • Knowledge acquired from another
  • The Knowledge you can convey to others
  • Knowledge gained through study, communication, research, instruction
• Methods for transfer of information

  • Image
  • Text
  • Sound
  • Video
• Applications of scientific knowledge to solve problem or perform a specific function

  Technology
• Information Technology


  • Use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data or information
  • Involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data
• Four Stages of Information Technology Development

  • Pre-Mechanical Age
  • Mechanical Age
  • Electromechanical Age
  • Electronic Age
• Petroglyph


  First humans communicated only through speaking and picture drawings
• The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we use today
• Sumerians' input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay
• About 2600 B.C., the Egyptians write on the papyrus plant
• Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest "books"
• Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began to fold sheets of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together
• Egyptian Numbering System

  • The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines
  • The number 10 as a U or circle
  • The number 100 as a coiled rope
  • The number 1,000 as a lotus blossom
• The first numbering systems like those in use today were invented between 100 and 200 A.D. by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit numbering system
• Around 875 A.D., the concept of zero was developed
• Abacus


  One of the very first information processors
• Mechanical Age (1450-1840)

  • The First Information Explosion
  • Calculating Machine
  • Pascaline
  • Babbage's Engines
• Johann Gutenberg Invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450
• Wilhelm Schickard invented the first mechanical calculator in 1623 that can work with six digits and can carries digits across columns
• The Pascaline. Invented by Blaise Pascal (1642) (made of clock gears and levers) that could solve mathematical problems like addition and subtraction
• Charles Babbage Invented the difference engine (1821) and analytical engine (1832). Father of modern computer
• Electromechanical Age (1840-1940)

  • Morse Code: 1835
  • Telephone and Radio: 1876
  • Comptograph: 1885
  • Punch Card: 1890
• Samuel Morse - conceived of his version of an Electromagnetic Telegraph (Dots and Dashes)
• Alexander Graham Bell developed the first working telephone
• Dorr Felt - invented first adding and subtracting calculator. Comptograph containing a built-in printer
• Punch Card: Piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions
• Electronic Age (1941 - Present)

  • Z3: 1941
  • Mark I: 1942
  • ABC Computer: 1942
• Konrad Zuse Built the first programmable computer called Z3
• John von Neumann - Build the first stored program computer. 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons, used about 750,000 parts, 500 miles of wires
• John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. Completed the first all-electronic computer called ABC or Atanasoff-Berry Computer. Foundation for advances in electronic digital computers
• The Greek word of technology

  "techne" means art, skills, or craft and "logia" means study.