cell structure and function

Cards (28)

  • cells: simplest form of life; all living things are made up of 1 or more cells
  • need four things to be a cell:
    1. cell membrane made up of a phospholipid bilayer
    2. cytosol/cytoplasm
    3. chromatin (coiled DNA)
    4. ribosomes
  • Cytosol: liquid inside of cell w/o organelles
  • cytoplasm: liquid with oragnelles
  • ribosomes: small structures of RNA and proteins that are involved in protein synthesis
  • phospholipid bilayer: has polar hydrophilic head and nonpolar hydrophobic tails
  • cholesterol: found in the nonpolar region and regulates fluidity
  • proteins: intercellular joining with enzymic activity that transports large polar/nonpolar
  • carbohydrate: glycoprotein and glycolipid used as an identification target for cell-to-cell recognition (antenna to receive messages)
  • passive transport: requires no ATP, substance diffuses from high to low concentration (two types)
    1. Simple: small nonpolar molecules travel straight through
    2. Facilitated: transports polar charged and large molecules with the use of a transport protein
  • osmosis: movement of water through semipermable membrane, facilitated diffusion of H2O with the use of a protein called Aquaporin
  • Active transport: substances diffuse from low to high concentration, use ATP to change the shape of the protein, and allow molecules through
  • endocytosis: uses ATP to create new vesicles from the plasma membrane
  • exocytosis: fuse with membrane to secrete large substances
  • osmolarity: the concentration of solutes in a solution, measured in osmol per litre
  • Solute: what is being desolved
  • Solvent: a substance that dissolves a solute
  • high osmolarity: saturated, concentrated, lots of stuff
  • low osmolarity: dilute, less concentrated, pure H2O
  • tonicity: measure of relative concentration of solute between two solutions
  • hypertonic: more concentration
  • hypotonic: less concentation
  • isotonic: equal concentration
  • Prokaryotes (bacteria): single cell, no nucleus, one chromosome (circular), has ribosomes and were the first cells (3.5 billion years old)
  • Eukaryotes (animal, fungi, plants): single or multicellular, have a nucleus, multiple linear chromosomes, many membrane-bound organelles, 1 billion years old, and evolved from prokaryotes
  • Aerobic cellular respiration
    A) ?
    B) ?
    C) ?
    D) ?
  • Anaerobic respiration
    A) ?
    B) ?
    C) ?
    D) ?
  • Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use light energy to make their own food
    A) ?
    B) ?
    C) ?
    D) ?
    E) ?
    F) ?
    G) ?