Adaptations

• Vili


  Large surface area to maximise diffusion

  Thin walls to maximise diffusion

  Microvilli to increase surface area
• Spongy mesophyll 


  Large air spaces between the cells so gases can diffuse through the palisade layer
• Nerve cell


  Helps the transmission of electrical impulses
• Sperm cell

  a tail to move them towards an egg cell

  many mitochondria to provide energy
• Alveoli

  Thin walls - one cell thick providing gases with a short diffusion distance.

  Moist walls - gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface. Permeable walls - allow gases to pass through.