MUSIC 9 EXAM

• Schubert's lieder


  • They had a powerful dramatic impact on the listeners
  • He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann Goethe
  • He is considered the last of the classical composers and one of the first romantic ones
• Schubert's famous vocal music works/Lieder


  • Gretchen am Spinnrade
  • Erlkonig
  • Ellens Gesang III (Ave Maria)
  • Schwanenge sang (Swan Song)
• Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria and died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31
• Verdi's operas


  • His characters are neither stock roles nor symbols like those found in German operas, they are more like real persons
  • He insisted on a good libretto
  • He wrote operas with political overtones and for middle-class audience
• Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813 and died in Milan, Italy on January 27,1901
• Puccini's operas


  • He drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes from mythology and histor
  • famous composition "La Boheme”, "Tosca", "Madame butterfly", and "turandot"
• Richard Wagner


  • He introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including extremes of chromaticism
  • He explored the limits of the traditional tonal system
  • He developed a compositional style in which the orchestra has of equal importance in dramatic roles as the singers themselves
  • He used leitmotifs or musical sequences standing for a particular character/plot element
  • he was born in leipzig Germany on May 22, 1813. He attended Leipzig University.He was very much inspired by Ludwig van Beethoven.
• Wagner died of a heart attack on February 13,1883 at age of 69
• George Bizet's opera "Carmen"


  • When it first opened in Paris, the reviews were terrible and it had poor audience attendance
  • Bizet died (June 3, 1875) before it became a smash hit in Vienna, Austria four months later
• Romantic Opera


  A story (libretto) told by the composers through music while using the words of the librettist
• Components of an Opera


  • Libretto-the texts of an opera. Librettist and the composer work closely together to tell the story.
  • Score-the book that the composer and librettist put together. The score has all the musical notes, words, and ideas to help the performers tell the story. Often, there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales, and postludes
  • Recitative-Declamatory singing
  • Aria-air or solo singing part that the public will remember best when leaving the opera houses.
• Female Voice Types


  • Soprano-highest female voice
  • Mezzo-Soprano-most common female voice; strong middle voice, tone is darker or deeper than the soprano
  • Contralto-lowest female voice and most unique among females
  • Coloratura- highest soprano voice
  • Dramatic- darker full sound

  
• Dynamics and vocal embellishments


  Used to further affect the way singers sing
• Musical terms used


  • Acapella- One or more singers performing without instrumental accompaniment.
  • Cantabile- In a singing style
  • Capo- Head, the beginning
  • Coda- Closing section appended to a movement or song.
  • Dolce- Sweetly
  • Falsetto- A weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges.
  • Glissando- Sliding quickly between 2 notes
  • Passagio- Parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur.
  • Rubato- Slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the discretion of the soloist.
  • Tessitura- The most comfortable singing range of a singer.
• Franz Peter Schubert

  Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria and died

  in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31.
• GIUSEPPE VERDI

  born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813. He studied in

  Busseto and later went to Milan where his first opera

  “Oberto” was performed in La Scala, the most important

  opera house at the time.
• GIACOMO PUCCINI

  born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy. He studied at the Milan Conservatory.