SCIENCE 8

• DNA


  Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Interphase


  Stage of the cell cycle that is cells not dividing
• Mitosis


  • Has four stages
• Meiosis


  Produces gametes or sex cells
• Domain


  Largest category in classifying organisms
• Species


  Group of organisms that can reproduce
• Characteristics of low biodiversity

  • Ecosystem with minimum interactions between organisms
  • Ecosystem with inadequate supply of food
  • Ecosystem with scarcity of water resources
• Gregor Mendel


  Father of Genetics, known for his experiment using the plant Pisum sativum
• Gregor Mendel used garden peas in his experiments because it is easy to grow and it reproduces through self-pollination
• Digestive System


  Responsible in changing food into usable form
• Producer


  Plants can manufacture and produce their own food
• Consumer


  Animals depend on plants because they cannot produce their own food
• Trophic Levels


  • 1st Trophic Level: Producer
  • 2nd Trophic Level: Primary Consumer
  • 3rd Trophic Level: Secondary Consumer
  • 4th Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumer
• Types of consumers


  • Herbivores (feed solely on plants, vegetables and fruits)
  • Carnivores (feed on other animals)
  • Omnivores (feed on both plants and animals)
• Denitrification


  Final stage of nitrogen cycle
• Activities that disturb the natural balance of the environment

  • Pollution
  • Deforestation
  • Overhunting
• Digestive tract


  mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → anus
• Egestion


  Last process that occurs in the digestive system that releases undigested food out of the body
• Precipitation


  Water that falls to the Earth's surface in a form of a rain or snow
• Photosynthesis


  Process by which green plants transform light energy into chemical energy
• Undigested food that pass through the digestive tract moves down to the large intestine and await disposal
• ss (small letter)


  Recessive trait
• SS (capital letter)


  Dominant trait
• Linnaean Hierarchical System of Classification in descending order

  • domain–kingdom-phylum–class–order–family–genus–species
• After mitosis, each daughter cell formed will have 64 chromosomes
• Chromosomes


  Structures found in the cell Nucleus that contain a person's genes
• Homozygous organism


  Has two similar alleles
• Endangered species


  Species or subspecies that are not critically endangered but whose survival in the wild is unlikely to thrive if unwanted human factors continue operating
• Panthera leo


  Scientific name of lion
• Oceans


  Where Earth's water is mostly stored
• Carbon dioxide is used by plants to produce sugar and starch
• Evaporation


  Transfer of water from the Earth's surface (such as oceans, lakes, and rivers) to the atmosphere
• Transpiration


  Evaporation of water through tiny pores (stomata) in plant leaves
• Condensation


  Water vapor in the atmosphere changes back into liquid water
• Precipitation


  Water falls back to Earth's surface from the atmosphere
• Runoff


  Flow of water over land surfaces (such as rivers and streams) back to the oceans
• Carbon dioxide is needed by plants to manufacture food
• Role of plants in oxygen-carbon dioxide cycle


  They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis
• Water is the natural resource used by humans in their daily lives
• Deforestation


  Cutting and removing of trees from rainforests