Health: 1.1-1.2

• Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) contribute to 71% of all deaths globally or 41 million people die annually
• Diseases that contribute the most deaths annually

  • Cardiovascular diseases having 17.9 million people
  • Cancers with 9 million
  • Respiratory diseases having 3.9 million
  • Diabetes which has 1.6 million people
• All the above diseases account for over 80% of all premature deaths every year
• Modifiable behavioral risk factors

  • Tobacco Use
  • Physical Inactivity
  • Unhealthy Diet
  • Alcohol Misuse and Abuse
• Metabolic risk factors


  • Raised Blood Pressure
  • Overweight/Obesity
  • Hyperglycemia (High blood glucose levels)
  • Hyperlipidemia (High levels of fat in the blood)
• NCDs are always linked to poverty. The risk of people contracting NCDs especially coming from low-income countries are very high
• Exposure to harmful products, like tobacco and alcohol, inactive lifestyle, and limited access to healthcare put socially disadvantaged people at risk of NCDs
• Allergy


  The exaggerated reaction or hypersensitivity of the body to antibodies forming substances or antigen and are usually not contagious
• Anaphylaxis


  A severe reaction to allergens that can lead to death if the individual won't receive immediate medical attention
• Anaphylaxis symptoms


  • Difficulty in breathing, swelling of lips, tongue and throat, dizziness, fainting and vomiting
• Cardiovascular diseases


  Conditions that mainly affect the heart and the blood vessels and is considered to be one of the leading causes of death here in the Philippines
• Atherosclerosis


  Happens when plaques or deposits of fat begin to develop in the arterial walls of the arteries
• Triggers of atherosclerosis include cholesterol, fatty food, hypertension, and smoking
• Symptoms of atherosclerosis


  Shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing that may lead to angina or chest pain
• Coronary heart disease


  The narrowing and blocking of coronary arteries
• Triggers of coronary diseases include cholesterol build-up, diabetes, obesity, age, and physical inactivity
• Heart attack (Myocardial infarction)


  The condition when the myocardium (cardiac muscle) does not receive enough oxygen because the arteries are blocked by a plaque or by a spasm
• Warning signs of heart attack

  • Sweating, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, nausea, and chest pain that is usually felt in the shoulders, neck, and jaw
• Angina pectoris


  This condition causes a person to experience chest pain due to narrowed coronary arteries. Lack of oxygen leads to angina attack which usually lasts less than five minutes
• Rheumatic fever


  This is the condition where the heart is attacked by the immune system causing weakness, fever, and damages to the heart
• Rheumatic heart disease


  A permanent damage caused by rheumatic fever and usually attacks teenagers
• Arrhythmia


  The heart's natural pacemaker (sino-atrial node) and the rate of heartbeat tend to change. The heart may beat faster or slower without any obvious reasons
• Congestive heart failure (CHF)


  A condition where the lungs and other areas of the body accumulate liquids due to the inability of the heart to pump enough blood
• Rheumatic fever, hypertension, birth defect, atherosclerosis, and heart attack are some of the diseases that cause CHF
• Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident)


  Happens when the blood vessels are blocked or broken. When the arteries are blocked, the delivery of oxygen will not be enough which will make the blood cells die
• Aneurysm, which is the clotting of blood in the arteries, is one of the common causes of stroke
• Cancer


  This condition is the unusual and uncontrolled division of cells that can cause a tumor, the abnormal growth of tissue
• Malignant tumor


  Metastasis is the spread of infection and destruction of tissues in our body making malignant tumors cancerous
• Benign tumor


  Benign tumors may vary in size but they are usually harmless unless put in a position which hinders normal functions of the organs of the body
• Categories of cancer


  • Carcinoma
  • Sarcoma
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukemia
• Carcinoma


  This form of cancer targets the epithelial tissues, which provide the selective permeability, secretion, absorption, transport of trans-cellular, detection, and protection
• Sarcoma


  This form of cancer affects the connective and supportive parts of the body which include the bones, muscle, blood vessels, cartilages, and fat
• Lymphoma


  This form of cancer targets the lymphatic tissues or the immune system. This is characterized as having abnormal production of white cells and reduced resistance
• Leukemia


  This form of cancer affects the blood and bone marrow which results in the abnormalities in the production of leukocytes or white blood cells
• Diabetes


  This condition is the result of the inability of the pancreas to produce or utilize the insulin. Diabetes cannot be cured but has control measures
• Different types of diabetes

  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Gestational diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes


  Also called the insulin-dependent diabetes because the body produces little insulin or none at all
• Symptoms of type 1 diabetes

  • Tiredness, blurred vision, weight loss, continuous hunger, frequent urination, and increased thirst
• Type 2 diabetes


  Also known as the non-insulin dependent diabetes, happens when the cells cannot utilize the insulin produced by the body. There are no noticeable symptoms for this type
• Gestational diabetes


  This type of diabetes happens to some pregnant women. Due to hormonal changes, the body does not respond to the insulin produced by the body. Gestational Diabetes usually goes away after childbirth but still has the risk of acquiring type 2 diabetes