DRUGS FOR SEIZURES
Cards (162)
- ▪ K+ concentration higher on _____
- ▪ Positive charge on _____
- Na+ rush inside cell
- K+ rush out to restore balance
- Repolarization moves in one direction
- Excessive abnormal electrical discharge from cortical neurons Causes: idiopathic, CNS infection, fever, metabolic disturbance , cerebral trauma, physical findings or changes in behavior that occur after an episode of abnormal electrical activity in the brain
- term "_____" is often used interchangeably with "convulsion.“
- occur when a person's body shakes rapidly and uncontrollably. violent, involuntary contractions of the voluntary muscles.
- recurrent unprovoked seizure
- – may precede the seizure by hours or days.
- — the seizure itself. In some cases, a scream or cry heralds its onset.
- – takes place immediately after the seizure
- in behavior or mood typically occurs during the prodrome. This phase may include an aura – subjective sensation, such as unusual smell or flashing light
- The patient typically exhibits lethargy, confusion, and behavioral changes
- a chronic seizure disorder, or group of disorders, characterized by seizures that usually recur unpredictably in the absence of a consistent provoking
- factor. derived from the Greek word meaning “to seize upon” or “taking hold of.” first described by Hughlings Jackson as an intermittent derangement of the nervous system due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons.
- to throw or toss with a quick abrupt motion.
- an abnormal sensation, typically tingling or pricking
- language disorder marked by deficiency in the generation of speech
- rare movements when the present feels like the past.
- most common seizure type occurring in approximately 80% of epileptic patients. clinical and EEG changes indicate initial activation of a system of neurons limited to part of one cerebral hemisphere that may spread to other or all brain areas
- ▪ generally do not cause loss of consciousness
- MOTOR SIGNS:
- SENSORY AND SOMATOSENSORY MANIFESTATIONS:
- AUTONOMIC SIGNS:
- SIMPLE PARTIAL SEIZURES BEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS:
- ▪ accompanied by impaired consciousness; however in some cases, the impairment precedes or follows the seizures
- ▪ Psychomotor (temporal lobe) epilepsy may lead to aggressive behavior (e.g., outbursts of rage or violence).
- ______— usually persists for 1-2 minutes after the seizure ends.
- ______ (e.g., picking at clothes) — common and may follow visual, auditory or olfactory hallucinations).
- Entire brain is involved,motor manifestations are bilateral. diffuse, affecting both cerebral hemispheres. clinical and EEG changes indicate initial involvement of both hemispheres.
- GENERALIZED SEIZURES:
- present as alterations of consciousness (absences) lasting 10-30 seconds. Staring (with occasional eye blinking) and loss or reduction in postural tone is typical. Enuresis
- present as involuntary jerking of the facial, limb, or trunk muscles, possibly in rhythmic manner.
- MYOCLONIC SEIZURES aka
- ▪ consist of sporadic jerks, usually on both sides of the body. Patients sometimes describe the jerks as brief electrical shocks. When violent, these seizures may result in dropping or involuntarily throwing objects.
- characterized by sustained muscle contractions alternating with relaxation
- are repetitive, rhythmic jerks that involve both sides of the body at the same time.
- involve sustained tonic muscle extension (stiffening).
- ▪ cause sudden loss of consciousness