Media and Culture

• Culture


  Unified style of human knowledge, beliefs, and behavior from which people learn, and the ability to communicate knowledge to the next generations
• Media


  Middle, often used to describe its location between the media industry or institution creating the content (the sender) and the audience member (or receiver)
• Media


  • Television
  • Radio
  • Newspapers
  • Billboards
  • Mails
  • Telephone
  • Fax
  • Internet
• Media


  • Vehicles or channels used to convey information, entertainment, news, education, or promotional messages
  • Includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium
• Roles of media in society

  • Provides entertainment for the people
  • Educates and informs the public
  • Serves as a public forum to discuss important issues
  • Acts as a watchdog for government, business and institutions
• Stages of media development

  1. Oral communication

  2. Script

  3. Printing press

  4. Electronic media

  5. Digital media
• Oral communication


  Language allowed humans to communicate and share information, and became the most important tool for exploring the world and the different cultures
• Script


  Allowed humans to communicate over a larger space and for a much longer duration, and allowed the permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice
• Printing press


  Allowed continuous production, reproduction, and circulation of print materials, giving everyone access to information that was only available to the wealth, powerful and religious
• Electronic media


  Characterized by its use of electricity, including the telegraph, telephone, radio, film, and television, continuing to open up new perspectives in the economic, political, and cultural processes of globalization
• Digital media


  Relies on digital codes, can be created, modified, and stored in any digital electronic device, and transmitted over the internet and computer networks
• New media


  Comprises content that is created, stored or retrieved in digital form, encompassing text, still pictures, audio and video, providing instantaneous, globally accessible, fast and efficient ways of passing on news and information
• Digitization


  Enables interactions from individuals from all over the world, resulting in the integration of cultures
• Outcomes of the influence of globalization on culture

  • Cultural differentialism
  • Cultural convergence
  • Cultural hybridity
• Cultural differentialism


  Views cultural difference as immutable, leading to a clash of civilizations such as that of the West and Islam
• Cultural convergence


  Suggests that globalization brings about a growing sameness of cultures, with the culture of powerful and progressive countries becoming the dominant culture
• Cultural hybridity


  Suggests that globalization spawns an increasing and ongoing mixing of cultures, resulting in new cultural forms
• Glocalization


  A concept brought about by the increased frequency of contact among cultures, reinforcing the fact that local cultures are not weak, static, or fixed, but are built and understood anew each day in a globalized world
• Local cultures continue to accommodate and assimilate cultures of the world due to globalization
• Local culture


  Cultural configuration which characterize the experience of everyday life in specific, diverse and identifiable localities
• Global culture


  Way of life that is governed by a set of ideas, beliefs and values that are based on the exposure and consumption of cultural products uniformly produced for everyone irrespective of their background
• Local and global culture are essentially polar opposites, but their existence is dependent on each other
• Filipino staple party food: spaghetti bolognese


  • Global in the sense that it can be found everywhere in the world, but it would only be a version of the pasta dish because there are other versions globally
• The presence of global culture may cause erosion to local cultures, where a culture loses many of its fundamental elements because of the arrival of new ones
• Positive effects of global culture eroding local culture may include improvement of the way things are being done or being thought off, doing away with obsolete and inefficient practices, or clearer understanding of things that we experience
• Negative consequences of global culture eroding local culture may include replacing things that are already good and working with something worse, being efficient but not effective, or being confused on how things really work
• The influx of new products would also mean that old ones will be disposed of even if they are still working perfectly fine, which means that it generates more waste than necessary
• Big businesses may flourish, but smaller scale ones would suffer; this benefits the rich more than it does the poor
• The religious components and community camaraderie of these Filipino festivals are being overshadowed by the encroachment of telecommunications companies, fast food chains, celebrity appearances, band concerts and broadcast networks that attract droves of visitors, making the festivals look and feel more and more similar with one another year after year
• This is what the erosion of local culture looks and feels like, and this happens because of the forces of global culture are slowly exerting its dominance
• Local and indigenous cultures can serve as pockets of resistance to the steamrolling effects of global cultures
• The authentic differences between festivals like Pahiyas, MassKara, Kadayawan, Dinagyang, Panagbenga, and Sinulog are slowly being felt less and less every year they are celebrated
• This is what the erosion of local culture looks and feels like, and this happens because the forces of global culture are slowly exerting its dominance
• The continuing emergence of independent art projects, do-it-yourself movements, travelogues, blogs and vlogs found online that promote local cultural products, and efforts by local government units in the Philippines to bring local cultural products to the fore of the market all bring a halt to the dominance of global culture in the Philippines
• Although the effects may be small and short-lived, through the support of small consumers like us, such efforts can be sustained so that the erosion of local cultures can be averted
• Religion


  A collection of cultural belief systems and worldviews that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and moral values
• The influence of religion is so vast that it can be observable from our personal lives to our social ones, from the way we act to how social movements occur, from individual choices to global events
• A lot of what we believe and do as Filipinos are rooted on religious beliefs, and we subscribe to the practices of our respective religions one way or another
• The belief of sharing and valuing close family ties are reflected through practices like gatherings, parties, exchanging gifts during the Christmas season
• 4 events where globalization caused the most changes in religion

  • Religious Nationalism
  • Turning of Religion into Public Life
  • Proliferation of Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism
  • Increase of Individual Religiosity