Chem

• Name Reactions of this Chapter

  • Kolbe's Reaction
  • Reimer-Tiemann Reaction
  • Williamson Synthesis
  • Cumene Reaction
• Kolbes reaction

  Phenol with Naoh and co2 gives salicylic acid
• Reimer-Tiemann Reaction


  Salicylaldehyde is produced from phenol in the presence of chloroform and alkali
• Williamson Synthesis


  Ether is produced by the reaction of alkoxide ion with alkyl halide
• Cumene Reaction


  Cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is then cleaved to give acetone and phenol
• Preparations


  • From alkene by acid catalysed hydration
  • By hydroboration-oxidation
  • Reduction of aldehydes and ketones
  • From Grignard reagent
  • From haloarenes
  • From benzene sulphonic acid
  • From diazonium salts
  • From cumene
• Alcohols act as both nucleophiles and electrophiles
• Acidity of alcohols


  Acidity increases with number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the OH group
• Acidity of phenols


  Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to stabilization of the phenoxide ion
• Esterification


  Alcohols and phenols react with carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, and acid chlorides to form esters
• Reaction with hydrogen halides

  Alcohols react with hydrogen halides to form alkyl halides and water
• Reaction with phosphorus trihalides

  Alcohols react with phosphorus trihalides to form alkyl halides and phosphoric acid
• Dehydration


  Alcohols can be dehydrated to alkenes, with 3° alcohols dehydrating most easily
• Oxidation (dehydrogenation)


  Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and ketones depending on the oxidizing agent
• Electrophilic aromatic substitution of phenols

  Phenols undergo nitration, halogenation, and other electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions
• Preparation of ethers


  Ethers can be prepared by dehydration of alcohols or Williamson synthesis
• Cleavage of C-O bond in ethers

  Ethers can be cleaved by reaction with hydrogen halides to form alkyl halides and alcohols
• Electrophilic substitution of ethers

  Ethers can undergo halogenation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions