ARENSKALBOR&W

• Organization

  • This is also known as an arrangement that refers to the structural framework for writing.
• Organization can be achieved through the following techniques.

  1. Text structure
  2. Signal words
  3. Physical format
• Coherence


  Refer to the overall sense of unity in a text
• Cohesion


  Is the connection of ideas both at the sentence level and at the paragraph level
• Orders

  1. Chronological
  2. Spatial
  3. Emphatic
• Emphatic has

  1. Transitions
  2. Repetitions
  3. Synonyms
  4. Pronouns
• Language Use


  It refers to the appropriateness of word or vocabulary usage
• Language Use

  1. Too formal
  2. Too unsophisticated
  3. Too vague
  4. Other tips
• Other tips

  1. Jargon
  2. Cliches
  3. Everyday abbreviations
  4. Not gender neutral
  5. Slang
• Mechanics 


  These are conventions that have to be considered in writing. Spelling, punctuation and capitalization are some of the examples
• Spelling 


  When you write, always make sure that you are consistently using one standard regarding of your words.
• Punctuation 


  The act of using a system of symbols used to provide structure to and organize a text
• Capitalization 


  Any sentences first word is capitalized.
• Explicit 


  Information that is clearly stated in the text.
• Implicit 


  Ideas suggested in the text but not directly stated.
• Claims of fact


  Often qualified by such terms as generally, probably or as a rule. Debatable, verifiable
• Types of factual claims

  1. Factual/ historical
  2. Relational
  3. Predictive
• Claim of policy


  Advocates a specific course of action
• Claims of value 


  Involve judgements and evaluations
• Context


  Define as the social, cultural, political, historical, and other related circumstances that surround the texts
• Context


  moxley - occasion
• Hypertextuality 


  Amaral 2010 is simply non linear. Link. Videos pictures.
• Intertextuality 


  Tiongson 2016 is modeling of a text meaning by another text

  Complex interrelationship
• Assertion 


  Stylistic approach or technique involving a strong declaration.
• Statement of fact


  A statement that can be proven objectively
• Statement of opinion 


  Based on facts are difficult to objectively verify
• Statement of convention 


  Way of something is done similar to traditions and norms
• Statement of preference 


  Are based on personal choice. Subjectively
• Counterclaim 


  Claims made to rebut a previous claim
• Textual evidence 


  Information gathered from the text that supports your assertion or counterclaim
• Referencing 


  Act of mentioning a specific section
• Paraphrasing 


  Restating an authors or someone else's work using you own words without losing the original idea of the text
• Summarizing 


  Stating the essential ideas together of the text in a shorter way
• Qouting


  Stating a part of a text in the exact way it was written
• Book review 


  Describes and evaluates a work of fiction or nonfiction
• Literature review 


  Types of academic essay that examines what has already been written
• Research report 


  Long formal essay, 5-15 pages
• Components of research report

  1. Title
  2. Abstract
  3. Introduction
  4. Methodology
  5. Results
  6. Discussion
  7. References
• Title


  it reflects the content and emphasis of the project described in the report
• Abstract


  it is an overview of the research study and is typically 2 to 4 paragraphs in length containing 200-300 words