COSMETICS

• Hygiene


  Conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases
• Personal hygiene


  Maintaining the body's cleanliness
• Oral and dental care products


  • Primarily for cleansing to remove debris and polish the teeth
  • Additional benefits in the prevention of common dental problems such as caries or gingivitis
• The oral cavity includes lips, buccal mucosa, salivary glands, gums, 32 teeth, palate, tongue, and floor of the mouth
• The oral cavity is the most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body
• Permanent teeth start at 6 years old
• Crown


  Visible part and extended above the gum or gingiva
• Root


  Sits on the upper or lower jaw bone and remain invisible until the recession of gum exposes some of the root surface

  
• Neck


  Boundary between the crown and root
• Gingiva


  Mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the neck of the teeth
• Dental cavity (pulp cavity)


  Contains the pulp, a soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels
• Dentin


  A yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
• Enamel


  White outer visible part; mostly composed of hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH) or Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; Hardest substance in the human body
• Cementum


  A special connective tissue covering the dentin at the root of the teeth; binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone
• Demineralization


  Loosing of calcium and phosphate from Hydroxyapatite of enamel; Hydroxyapatite starts to dissolve at pH<5.5
• Remineralization


  Replacing the lose calcium and phosphate from enamel; When the pH>5.5, the hydroxyapatite can reabsorb the calcium and phosphate that is present in the saliva
• Saliva serves as a buffer agent
• Oral and dental problems

  • Plaque
  • Dental caries
  • Tartar
  • Gum disease
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Dental stains
  • Halitosis
• Types of oral and dental care products

  • Toothpaste
  • Mouthwash
  • Tooth whitening products
  • Tooth powder
  • Dental floss
  • Dental tape
• Toothpaste


  Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth; Improves the mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush
• Inactive ingredients of toothpaste

  • Abrasives
  • Surfactants
  • Thickeners
  • pH Regulators
  • Humectants
  • Sweetening agents
  • Natural Ingredients
  • Anticaries Ingredients
  • Water
  • Preservatives
  • Flavoring agents
  • Coloring agents
• Active ingredients of toothpaste

  • Anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis components
  • Anti-hypersensitivity agents
  • Anti-calculus/tartar control ingredients
  • Whitening ingredients
  • Anti-malodor Ingredients
• Mouthwash


  Clear, most of the times, colored solution that is aimed to refresh the breath by swishing the product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
• Ingredients of mouthwash


  • Solvents
  • Humectants
  • Surfactants
  • Astringents
  • Preservatives
  • Flavoring Agents
  • Sweeteners
  • Colorants
  • Natural Ingredients
• Active ingredients of mouthwash

  • Anti-caries agents
  • Anti-hypersensitivity agents
  • Anti-tartar agents
  • Whitening agents
  • Antiplaque/anti-gingivitis agents
• Sugar increases the incidence of dental caries
• Fluorosis is a change in the appearance of the enamel that occurs when children aged 8 years or younger consume too much fluoride, from any source, over long periods when permanent teeth are developing under the gums

  
• Whitening products can cause uneven color of teeth, sensitivity, enamel loss, translucency, erosion, and gum damage
• The American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance is a designation awarded to products that have met ADA's criteria for safety and effectiveness and whose packaging and advertising claims are scientifically supported
• Packaging of oral and dental care products

  • Plastic Tube and Dispenser
  • Dental Floss Plastic Dispenser
  • Plastic Bottle
• Oral/dental product agents


  • Tartar agents
  • Whitening agents
  • Antiplaque/anti-gingivitis agents
• Antiplaque/anti-gingivitis agents


  • Chlorhexidine
  • Cetylpyridinium chloride
  • Triclosan
• Problems with oral/dental products

  • Taste
  • Fluorosis
  • Side effects of whitening products
• Taste problem

  Sugar increases the incidence of dental caries
• Solutions for taste problem

  • Xylitol
  • Erythritol
  • Sorbitol
  • Aspartame
  • Acesulfame
  • Saccharin
• Fluorosis


  Change in the appearance of the enamel, occur when children aged 8 years or younger consume too much fluoride, from any source, over long periods when permanent teeth are developing under the gums

  
• Side effects of whitening products

  • Uneven color of teeth
  • Sensitivity, enamel loss, translucency, erosion, and gum damage
  • Masking effect - tooth loss
• American Dental Association (ADA) Seal of Acceptance


  A designation awarded to products that have met ADA's criteria for safety and effectiveness and whose packaging and advertising claims are scientifically supported
• Packaging


  • Plastic Tube and Dispenser
  • Dental Floss Plastic Dispenser
  • Plastic Bottle/Containers
• Lips


  • Covered by epidermis and hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous
  • Vermilion border - transition zone; lightly keratinized epithelium; no hair nor sweat glands
  • Vermilion zone - application surface for lip care products; keratinized epithelium; with tiny salivary glands