Mod 3

• Biomolecule


  Any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids
• Four major categories of biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Carbohydrates


  • Molecules made from aldehydes and ketones containing numerous hydroxyl groups
  • Monosaccharides are composed of a single ring that is chemically combined
  • Polysaccharides are polymers containing numerous monosaccharide monomers
• Lipids


  • Water-insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  • Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three fatty acids
• Proteins


  • Polymers of amino acids
  • Found as structural materials in hair, nails and connective tissues
  • Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts
• Nucleic Acids


  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids
  • Both DNA and RNA are polymers that are made up of nucleotides
  • Nucleotides are molecules that are composed of a five carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and a phosphate group
• Four categories of biomolecules


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
• Examples of biomolecules


  • 4 examples not provided
• Carbohydrates


  Provide material to build muscle, provide quick energy for cells
• Lipids


  Store energy, cushion and insulate organs, material used for cell membrane
• Proteins


  Provide structure, aid in muscle movement, provide immunity
• Monosaccharides


  Composed of single rings that are chemically combined, the simplest sugar and basic subunit of a carbohydrate
• Fatty Acids


  Insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents, naturally occurring esters that are lipids containing one or more long chains of carboxylic acids
• Amino Acids


  The building blocks of proteins, organic compounds that fuse to form proteins
• Monomer


  A small molecule that joins with other similar molecules to make a polymer
• Polymer


  A large organic molecule consisting of tiny repeating units called monomers