P.E reviewer (All lesson)

• First Aid 


  is the provision of immediate care to a victim with an injury of illness, usually affected by a layperson, and performed within a limited skill range.
• Limitations 


  The nature of First Aid means that most people will only have a limited knowledge, and first aiders are advised to seek professional help when they reach the limits of their knowledge.
• Characteristics of a Good First Aider

  Gentle, Resourceful, Sympathetic, Observant, Tactful
• Guiding Principles and Purpose of First Aid given in mnemonic “3 Ps”


  Preserve Life

  Prevent Further Injury Promote Recovery
• Objectives of First Aid and Aims to Accomplish the Following Goals


  Preserved Life

  Prevent further Harm and Complications

  Seek Immediate Medical Help

  Provide Reassurance
• Legal Considerations and Liability

  According to the Article 12 No. 4 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine Revised Penal Code Book One “Any person who, while performing a lawful act with due care, causes an injury by mere accident without fault or intention of causing it” is Exempt.

  According to the Article 275 No. 1 and 2 of Act No. 3815 of the Philippine revised penal code book two: “Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one’s own victim.”
• Two Forms of Medical Consent:

  Expressed or Verbal Consent – is communicated to you either verbally or in written form.

  Implied Consent – happens when you are unable to communicate with the victim.
• Abandonment 


  it means leaving a victim after starting to give help without ensuring someone else will continue the care at the same level or higher.
• Negligence 


  means not following accepted standards of care and causing injury to the victim.
• Breach of Duty 


  generally, a first aider breaches or breaks his or her duty to a victim by failing to provide the type of care that would be provided by a person having the same or similar training.
• Good Samaritan Immunity generally applies only when the rescue is:

  Acting during an emergency.

  2. Acting in good faith, which means he or she has good intentions.

  3. Acting without compensation.

  4. Not guilty of any malicious misconduct or gross negligence toward the victim.
• Written Record 


  it is a good practice to record in writing the details of any first aid you provide at an incident. This information may become necessary if the incident is brought to court. In the workplace, it is a requirement to record all incidents.
• Health Hazard and Risks Common Transmittable Diseases

  Herpes

  Meningitis

  Tuberculosis

  Hepatitis
• Bandage 


  is a piece of material used either to support a medical such device. As a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to or to restrict the movement of a part of the body.
• Dressing 


  applied directly on a wound, and a bandage used to hold the dressing in place.
• Three Main Types of Bandages

  Roller Bandages

  Triangular bandages

  Tubular Bandages
• Triangular Bandages

  are amongst the most versatile types of bandaging, usually found in a first aid kit.
• Tubular Bandages

  are perhaps the least versatile of the three conventional bandages.
• Steps of Bandaging the wound

  Step 1- Dress the wound

  Step 2- Cover the bandage

  Step 3- Secure the bandage

  Step 4- Check circulation
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Shoulder Pull – is preferred to the ankle pull. It supports the head of the victim.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Pack-Strap Carry - when injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this method is better for longer distances than the one-person lift.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Human Crutch/ Two-Person Drag – for the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim to swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of crutches.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Four-Handed Seat – This technique for carrying conscious and alert victims at a moderate distance.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Three-Person or Stretcher – This technique is lifting a patient into a bed or stretcher of for transporting them short distances.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Hammock Carry – three or more rescuers get on both sides of the victim. The strongest member is on the side with the fewest rescuers.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Improvised Stretcher – this technique requires two poles/pipes strong enough to support the victim’s weight and at least two shirts.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Chair Carry - this is a good method for carrying victims up and down stairs or through narrow or uneven areas.
• Methods of Rescuing an Injured Person

  Two-Handed Seat – this technique is for carrying a victim longer distances. This technique can support an unconscious victim.