Chp -2 animal & plant cells

• Functions of cell membrane

  • Forms a barrier between the cell & its surroundings
  • Keeps contents of cell inside
  • Allow simple substances enter & leave the cell (eg. Oxygen, water, carbondionide)
  • Control movement of other substances in & out of the cell (eg. Glucose + partially permeable)
• Functions of cell wall

  • Stop cells from bursting when they fill with water
  • Give shape to cells
  • Allows dissolved substances & water to freely (Freely or Fully permeable) pass through
• Functions of cytoplasm


  • Chemical reactions take place (eg. Respiration and making proteins for the cell)
• Functions of nucleus


  • Control all activities in the cell (growth and metabolism)
  • Control how cell develop
  • Carries genes, structure that contain the hereditary information
• Chloroplast

  • Photosynthesis
  • Store starch
• Vacuole

  • Full of water to maintain shape and firmness of cell
  • Store salts and sugars
• Bacterial cells


  • Cell wall made of peptidoglycan, not cellulose
  • Plasmids
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
  • Circular DNA
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
• Functions of Mitochondria

  • Aerobic respiration to provide energy for cells to stay alive
  • Break down glucose to energy
• Functions of Ribosomes


  • Synthesise proteins
• Functions of Rough ER

  • Package & transport proteins made by the ribosomes
• Viruses

  • Not made of cells
  • Do not have cell membrane or cytoplasm
  • Have protein coat with little pegs on the outside
  • Do not move, feed, excrete, show sensitivity, grow or reproduce on their own
  • Do not display the seven characteristics of living things