1ST Year/2ND SEM - HMN101 (MIDTERMS) "EXAM REVIEWER"

• Dadaism or Dada


  A post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design
• Dadaism


  • A protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society
  • Its works were characterized by deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art
• Dadaists


  First met at a café Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich, Switzerland in 1916
• Tristan Tzara


  The leader of the Dadaists, a poet from Romania
• Richard Huelsenbeck


  The co-founder of the Dadaists
• Dada's motto was "Destruction is also creation" because Dada had no rules and no values, and it shocked people
• The idea is more important than the work itself in Dada
• Art can be made of anything in Dada
• Dada sought to undermine all art, viewing it as part of cultural norms and sensibilities that established oppressive aesthetic standards and emphasized the "reason" and "order" that had led to the self-annihilating destruction of World War I
• Surrealism


  Launched in Paris in 1924 by French poet André Breton with the publication of his Manifesto of Surrealism, strongly influenced by the theories of Sigmund Freud
• The Dadaists discovered the unconscious mind and the dream as sources of a new reality and artistic inspiration
• Surrealists


  Believed that automatism (automatic writing and drawing) was a better way to tackle societal change than the Dada movements attack on prevailing values, and often sought to challenge the social and political norms
• The role of dreams and the unconscious mind is explored through symbolic imagery and metaphor in Surrealism
• Constructivism


  An artistic and architectural theory that originated in Russia at the beginning of 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin, a rejection of the idea of autonomous art by constructing it, supporting art as a practice for social objectives
• Constructivist art


  • Focused on industrial production, used stripped-down, geometric forms and modest materials, with a visual language in forms that could be drawn with practical instruments like compasses and rulers, materials like wood, glass, and metal were analyzed and judged based on how suitable they were for use in mass-produced objects and images
• Abstract Expressionism


  A painting movement in which artists typically applied paint rapidly, and with force to their huge canvases to show feelings and emotions, emerged in New York roughly between 1940-1960 and made New York the center of the art world, often called the "New York School"
• Arshile Gorky


  The artist who put the Abstract Expressionism movement into motion, with art ideals obtained from Surrealism, Picasso, and Miro
• Optical Art or Opt Art


  A form of geometric abstract art that explores optical sensations through the use of visual effects such as recurring simple forms and rhythmic patterns, vibrating color combinations, moiré patterns, and foreground-background confusion, employing tricks of visual perception like manipulating rules of perspective to give the illusion of three-dimensional space, mixing colors to create the impression of light and shadow
• Elements of Optical Art

  • Line
  • Shape
  • Space
• Principles of Optical Art


  • Pattern
  • Movement
• Minimalism


  Movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is stripped down to its most fundamental form, most strongly with American visual arts in the late 1960's and early 1970's
• Photorealism


  An art movement that involves replicating the original photo image into a painting or a sculpture, commonly using photography to create their artwork, derived from pop art minimalism because it challenged people's art paradigms and it also focused on American consumerism, originated in the United States in the 1970's
• Pop Art


  Fused high art with everyday culture, employing common materials and popular imagery from mass media like comic strips and advertising, with artists like Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein subverting traditional ideas of originality by replicating mass media visuals through techniques such as screen printing
• Installation Art


  Art that engages with three-dimensional space, including hairstyles, nail art, makeup, tattoos, and piercings, influenced by the hippie movement (sexual freedom and pacifism) and the counter-culture movement
• Performance Art


  An art in which the medium is the artist's own body and the artwork takes the form of actions performed by the artist, not for buying, selling, or trading as a commodity, with a history traced back to futurist productions and dada cabarets of the 1910s, often seen as a non-traditional way of making art with live-ness, physical movement and impermanence offering alternatives to the static permanence of painting and sculpture, aligned with conceptual art in the post-war period
• Characteristics of Performance Art

  • It is a legitimate artistic movement
  • It is live
  • It has no rules or guidelines, it is art because the artist says it is art, it is experimental
  • It is not for sale (may sell admission tickets and film rights)
  • It may be comprised of painting, sculpture, dialogue, poetry, music, dance, film footage, laser lights, animals, fire, etc.
  • It may be entertaining, amusing, shocking or horrifying, it is meant to be memorable
• Conceptual art


  Characterized by a focus on the idea or concept underlying the piece rather than the final product, referring mainly to work created between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, originated as an art trend in the 1960s
• Baroque music


  A period or style of Western classical music from approx. 1600 to 1700 originated in Western Europe, the term "baroque" means 'Broken Pearl' which describes the elaborate ornamentation that distinguishes baroque music from earlier musical styles
• Ground bass (basso continuo)


  A musical form that became popular in the Baroque period, characterized by a repeating bass line over which variations are played
• Functions of Baroque music


  • It served as a musical expression for brilliant composers
  • It was a source of entertainment for aristocrats
  • It was a way of life for musicians and a temporary escape from reality
• Johann Pachelbel


  A German Composer who was one of the most influential composers of the Baroque period, known for his Canon in D Major (1680) which was composed in celebration of the wedding of JS Bach in 1694 and is the most popular wedding song and the most recognized work of Pachelbel
• Antonio Vivaldi


  A Venetian priest and composer known as "The Red Priest", famous for his concerto series "The Four Seasons" or "La quattro stagioni" which is seen as a conversation between a solo instrument or multiple solo instruments and a wider ensemble
• Johann Sebastian Bach


  A German composer and musician of the late Baroque Period, known for instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites and Brandenburg Concertos, as well as keyboard works like the Goldberg Variations, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Toccata, and Fugue in D minor, and vocal music like the St. Matthew Passion and Mass in B minor
• George Frederic Handel


  A German-Born English Composer of the late Baroque era, known for writing the most famous of all oratorios such as Messiah (1741), Water music (1717) and Music for the Royal Fireworks (1749)
• Classical music


  The formal musical tradition of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions, distinguished from earlier Baroque music by a preference for clarity, balance, and symmetry
• In the Classical era, the concerto was one of the musical forms that became popular because of its typically of three movements in a fast-slow-fast sequence, with classical composers often writing music for solo instruments with orchestra
• Joseph Haydn


  The First Great Master of the Classical Music, known for works like the Trumpet Concerto in E-Flat (soundtrack on Squid Game)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart


  An influential and one of the greatest composers in Classical Music, who composed his first piece at the age of 5 and performed it in his first concert when he was 6, most famous for The Magic Flute
• Ludwig Von Beethoven


  A German composer known as the "Father of Music", most famous for his Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op.67
• Franz Schubert


  An Austrian composer of the Classical era