Respiratory System And Diets

• Respiratory System: A group of organs which work together to make a system which would help us take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. When we breathe, we take in air into our lungs, which then the oxygen is delivered to our blood. Our blood delivers the oxygen to every cell in our body, so the cells can use it for respiration. Then the blood will take the waste carbon dioxide from the cells, and take it back to the lungs to be breathed out.
• Voicebox/ Larynx


  A hollow tube in the middle of your neck, just above your trachea (windpipe) and behind your esophagus. Larynx is also called a voice box.
• Bronchi/ Bronchus


  The tubes where the air moves through as it goes into and out of the lungs. This is positioned in the lungs, connecting the bronchioles and the trachea.
• Bronchioles


  The tubes where the air moves through as it goes into and out of the lungs. This is positioned in the lungs, connecting the air sac and the bronchioles.
• Mouth/ Nose


  Where the air comes in through
• Windpipe/ Trachea


  The air passage from the throat to the lungs, where the mouth and nose ar both connected.
• Cartilage


  Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones.
• Lungs


  A pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body, technically a network of organs and tissues that allow us to breathe.
• Air Sacs


  The place where gas exchange occurs, located inside the lungs.
• Intercostal Muscles


  A muscle group that is situated between the ribs that create and move the chest wall. The muscles are used to assist with the breathing process.
• Diaphragm


  Located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration.
• Rib Bone

  Contains about 24 ribs in total, 12 on each side of our body. Protects the lung, heart, esophagus, etc. They also serve as an attachment point for many muscles and are active during respiration.
• Rings Of Cartilage

  The rings around the windpipe/ trachea, it’s very strong. This keeps the trachea open and prevents it from collapsing, so that the air can keep going in and out of our body. 
• Cleaning Air

  The physical process in which oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is released out. When we breathe in, the air around us isn't only oxygen, but also contains water vapour, dust, pathogens, etc. So when we breathe, there is a process which cleans the air we breathe in.
• Breathing In

  • Diaphragm Muscle: It contracts, and got pulled downwards 
  • Intercostal Muscle: It contracts ( gets shorter [ between ribs ] ), pulls rib upward and outward

  Breathing Out

  • Diaphragm Muscle: It relaxes, and got pulled upwards ( normal domed shape )
  • Intercoastal Muscle: It relaxes ( return to normal size [ between ribs ] ), allows the rib to drop down to their normal position
• Carbohydrate:

  Rice contains a lot of starch. Starch will be broken down to simple sugar which is “glucose”, and it will be used by cells for respiration to give you energy. But too much carbohydrate is not good, for it can increase blood sugar and cause diabetes. 
• Definitions:

  • Starch: A complex type of carbohydrate
  • Glucose: A simple type of carbohydrate
• Protein:

  Important for making new cells. Protein is also needed to make haemoglobin and antibodies. Too much protein is not good for us either, it can damage our liver, cause nausea, and headaches.
• Oil and Fats:

  Fats and oils are very similar, but at normal temperature fats are solid while oils are liquid. Fats and oil give us energy. Too much fat is very bad. It can cause blood vessel blockages, causing heart attacks and stroke.
• There are 2 types of fat, which are: 

  • Bad fat: Can be found in sweets and butter. It can cause our cholesterol level to increase.
  • Good fat: Can be found in protein and carbohydrates. It's good only if we eat it moderately.
• Vitamin And Minerals: Nutrients that we need only in a small amount. Types of vitamin and minerals: 

  Vitamin:

  • Vitamin A: For better eyesight ( ex. Carrot, broccoli, pumpkin )
  • Vitamin C: For growth and repair of tissues in our body ( ex. Grape, lemon, orange )
  • Vitamin D: Promotes calcium absorption ( ex. Fish, egg, mushroom )

  Mineral:

  • Calcium: For strong bones ( ex. Milk, cheese, dairy )
  • Iron: For our blood to make haemoglobin ( ex. Tofu, beans, meat )
  • Zinc: For our immune system ( ex. Meat, fish, seafood )
• Fibre:

  Keeps the digestive system healthy and prevents constipation. It’s not a nutrient at all, for it can’t be digested, so it just travels all the way through our digestive system, leaving the body as faeces. Fibre is mostly made of cellulose, which we can find in plants. So food which is made of plants is a great source of fibre.
• Food Groups: A number of categories into which types of food are classified in various nutritional schemes. It’s arranged in the shape of a triangle, the bigger the area in the triangle, the greater the proportion of your diet that kind of food could make up. 

  • Sweets and Fried Food ( Fat and Oil ): Not too many
  • Meat, Fish, Dairy, Egg, Bean ( Protein, Iron and Calcium ): Quite a lot
  • Fresh Fruit and Vegetable ( Mineral, Vitamin, and Fibre ): A lot 

  Rice, Bread, Pasta, Grain ( Starch and Fibre): A plenty amount