Science(4) week1

• This is the fourth quarter in the school year 2020-2021
• The new topic is earth and space science, specifically locating places using a coordinate system
• Topics to be covered

  • Latitude and longitude
  • How to locate places using coordinates
• Globe


  A circular representation or illustration of the earth
• Map


  A flattened illustration of the earth
• Directions on a globe

  • North
  • East
  • South
  • West
• Coordinate system


  An agreed system used to identify locations on a page or screen
• Longitude


  Imaginary lines that circle the earth from north to south, dividing it into east and west sections
• Prime meridian


  The line of longitude at 0 degrees, running through Greenwich
• Anti-meridian


  The line of longitude at 180 degrees, the exact opposite of the prime meridian
• The prime meridian at 0 degrees longitude was established to avoid confusion when crossing large countries and to facilitate timekeeping
• International date line


  The line where the date changes, near the anti-meridian
• Latitude


  Imaginary lines that circle the earth from east to west, dividing it into north and south sections
• Special latitude lines


  • Equator (0 degrees)
  • North pole (90 degrees north)
  • South pole (90 degrees south)
  • Arctic circle (66 degrees north)
  • Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north)
  • Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south)
  • Antarctic circle (66 degrees south)
• Locating places using coordinates

  • Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees
  • Each latitude and longitude line is 15 degrees apart
  • Latitude and longitude can be further divided into minutes and seconds
• Latitude


  Imaginary lines that run east-west, measuring distance north and south of the equator
• Longitude


  Imaginary lines that run north-south, measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
• Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees, with 60 minutes per degree and 60 seconds per minute
• When writing locations, latitude is always written before longitude
• Quadrants


  The four regions created by the intersection of latitude and longitude lines
• If a location is in the second quadrant, it is northwest
• Steps to locate a place using latitude and longitude

  1. Identify the latitude and longitude coordinates

  2. Determine the quadrant the location is in

  3. Plot the intersection of the latitude and longitude lines on a map or globe
• GPS (Global Positioning System)


  Uses latitude and longitude coordinates to locate places on Earth
• The Philippines is made up of 7,641 islands