Executive

• Executive power


  Vested in the President of the Philippines
• Qualifications to be elected President

  • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
  • Registered voter
  • Able to read and write
  • At least 40 years old on election day
  • Resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately preceding the election
• Qualifications of the Vice-President

  • Same qualifications and term of office as the President
  • Elected with and in the same manner as the President
  • May be removed from office in the same manner as the President
  • May be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet without confirmation
• Election of the President and Vice-President

  1. Elected by direct vote of the people

  2. Term of 6 years beginning at noon on June 30 following the election

  3. President not eligible for re-election

  4. Vice-President limited to 2 successive terms

  5. Regular election held on the second Monday of May

  6. Congress canvasses the votes and proclaims the winner
• The Supreme Court is the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice-President
• Oath of the President, Vice-President, or Acting President


  Faithfully and conscientiously fulfill duties, preserve and defend the Constitution, execute the laws, do justice, and consecrate to the service of the Nation
• Compensation of the President and Vice-President

  • Salaries determined by law, cannot be decreased during their tenure, no other emoluments from the Government or any other source
• Succession of the President and Vice-President


  1. Vice-President becomes President if President-elect fails to qualify or dies/becomes permanently disabled

  2. Speaker of the House acts as President if no President and Vice-President are chosen or qualified

  3. Congress provides for the manner of selecting an Acting President
• Vacancy in the Office of the Vice-President


  President nominates a Vice-President from the Senate or House, confirmed by majority vote of both Houses
• Procedure for special election if vacancy in President and Vice-President

  Congress convenes within 3 days, enacts law calling for special election within 45-60 days, appropriations exempt from certain requirements
• Transfer of power if President declares inability

  1. Vice-President becomes Acting President

  2. Cabinet can also declare President unable, Congress decides the issue
• Public shall be informed of the President's serious illness, certain officials shall not be denied access
• Restrictions on the President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and their deputies/assistants

  Cannot hold any other office or employment, cannot practice any other profession, participate in any business, or have financial interests in government contracts, franchises, or privileges, must strictly avoid conflict of interest
• Appointments by an Acting President remain effective unless revoked by the elected President within 90 days
• President cannot make appointments 2 months before the next presidential election, except temporary appointments to executive positions
• Appointment power of the President

  Nominates and appoints with consent of the Commission on Appointments, can make recess appointments
• President's control over the executive branch

  Ensures the laws are faithfully executed
• President's powers as Commander-in-Chief

  1. May call out the armed forces to prevent/suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion

  2. May suspend habeas corpus or declare martial law for up to 60 days, subject to Congressional review
• Pardons and amnesty


  President may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons after final judgment, and amnesty with Congressional concurrence
• Foreign loans

  President may contract or guarantee with prior Monetary Board concurrence, Monetary Board reports to Congress
• Treaties and international agreements require concurrence of at least 2/3 of all Senators
• Budget submission


  President submits budget of expenditures and sources of financing within 30 days of regular session opening
• President shall address Congress at the opening of its regular session and may appear before it at any other time