Exploring Citizenship and Civic Participation

• Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen of a particular country.
• Citizenship, relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection.
• Citizenship

  Article IV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Section 1 states the following conditions that qualify as a Filipino citizen.
• Filipino Definitions

  Filipinos’ idea of citizenship is rooted in the native traditions of panghimanwa (town leadership) and pagdumalahan (governance and ruling the country).
• Filipino Definitions

  The concept of the banwa (or its equivalent of the town, plus ili, balen, and bongto) is where governance, administration and leadership become central to the support systems that recognize the rights and public service of Filipinos.

  
  

  (GAL)

  (SS)

  (RPS)
• Article IV - Citizenship

  Section 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

  [1] Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;

  [2] Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;

  [3] Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority (21); and

  [4] Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.
• Article IV - Citizenship

  Section 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.
• Article IV - Citizenship

  Section 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law.
• Article IV - Citizenship

  Section 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.
• Article IV - Citizenship

  Section 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.
• Jus Sanguinis - “Right of blood”. A person acquires the citizenship of his or her parents, regardless of where he is born. It is citizenship based on blood relationships with one’s natural parents.
• Since the 1935 Constitution, Philippines adhered to the ‘jus sanguine’ principle.
• Jus Soli - “Right of soil”. Under jus soli, a person acquires the citizenship of the state of his birth, regardless of the citizenship of the parents. It is a citizenship based on the place or soil of one’s birth
• Republic Act 9225 (RA 9225) or the Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003 (more popularly known as the Dual Citizenship Law) allows natural-born Filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country to retain or re-acquire their Filipino citizenship. 
• Dual Citizenship

  Upon reacquiring Philippine citizenship, the citizens shall enjoy full civil and political rights as Filipinos, subject to certain conditions.
• How citizenship may be lost?

  • By naturalization in a foreign country;
  • By express renunciation of citizenship;
  • By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution or laws of a foreign country upon attaining twenty-one years of age or more.
  • By accepting commission in the military, naval or air   service of a foreign country;
  • By having been a deserter of the Philippine army, navy or air corps in time of war.
  • Marriage to a foreigner if, by virtue of the law in force in her husband's country, she acquires his nationality.

  (NESAHM)
• Oath of Allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines

  I, (please state your name), solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines and obey the laws and legal orders  promulgated by the duly constituted authorities of the Philippines; and I hereby declare that I recognize and accept the supreme authority of the Philippines and will maintain true faith and allegiance thereto; and that I impose this obligation upon myself voluntarily without mental reservation or purpose of evasion.