PARENTERAL MEDICATION

• PARENTERAL MEDICATION

  • A drug administered parenterally, is one injected into the body via a hollow needle into the body at various sites and to varying depths.
• SUBCUTANEOUS

  • 45°
• INTRAMUSCULAR

  • 90°
• 3 SYRINGE PARTS THAT MUST BE KEPT STERILE:

  1. Tip
  2. Inside of barrel
  3. Shaft of plunger
• TYPES OF A SYRINGE:

  1. HYPODERMIC SYRINGE
  2. INSULIN SYRINGE
  3. TUBERCULIN
  4. SYRINGE OF OTHER SIZE
• HYPODERMIC SYRINGE

  • 2ml, 2.5 ml, 3ml sizes
• TUBERCULIN SYRINGE

  • Originally designed to administer tuberculin solution
  • sizes: 5, 10, 20, 50 ml
• INSULIN SYRINGE

  • Designed for insulin, common is in 100 units calibrated scale
• PARTS OF NEEDLE:

  • Hub
  • Cannula or Shaft
  • Bevel
• AMPULES

  • glass container, usually designed to hold a single dose of drug
  • have colored marks of dots which indicate where they are pre-scored
• VIALS

  • Are small glass bottles with a sealed rubber cap
  • Can come in single dose or multi-dose
• RECONSTITUTION

  • Technique of adding a solvent to a powdered drug to prepare it for administrations
• SUBCUTANEOUS

  • Administration of drugs into the subcutaneous layer
• COMMON SITES OF SQ

  • outer aspects of the upper arms
  • anterior aspect of the thighs
  • abdomen
  • scapular areas of the back
• SQ INDICATIONS

  1. VACCINES
  2. PRE-OPERATIVE MEDICATIONS
  3. NARCOTICS
  4. INSULIN
  5. HEPARIN
• LIPODYSTROPHY

  • fat tissues are destroyed or decreased
• INTRAMUSCULAR

  • Introduction of medication to our muscle tissue
• VENTROGLUTEAL SITE

  • Gluteus medius muscle which lies over the gluteus minimus.
  • Advantages: The area contains no large nerves & blood vessels; contains less fat than the buttocks area; is sealed off by home
  • Position: back-lying or side-lying with knee & hip flexed to relax gluteal muscles.
• VASTUS LATERALIS

  • Thick and well-developed muscle both in adult and children.
  • Site of choice: infants under 7 mos old. Situated on the anterior lateral aspect of the infant’s thigh (middle third)
  • Position: back-lying or sitting
• DORSOGLUTEAL SITE

  • Composed of thick gluteal muscles of the buttocks
  • Not to be used for children below 3 y.o., unless the child has been walking for at least 1 year
• DELTOID

  • Found on the lateral aspect of the upper arm, 2-3 fingerbreadths below the acromion process (bony prominent in the shoulder)
  • Not used often for IM injection because of its close proximity to the radial nerve and artery.
  • Considered for use in adults because of rapid absorption
• RECTUS FEMORIS

  • Situated on the anterior aspect of the thigh.
  • Advantage: good for patients who administer their own injection for they can reach the site easily.
• Z-TRACK TECHNIQUE

  • use d for parenteral iron preparation (to seal the drug deep into the muscle & prevent staining of the skin)
• NTRAVENOUS MEDICATIONS (IV)

  • Injecting medications into the vein
  • Has a rapid effect on the patient’s body
  • Lessens discomfort