Plant Reproduction

• Sexual Reproduction

  • Requires genetic material (DNA) from 2 parents
• Pollination

  • Transferring pollen grains from male anther of flower to female stigma.
  • Goal of every living organism, including plant, to create offspring for next generation.
• • Parents plants have male and female sex cells, called gametes.
• Union of gametes is called fertilization.
• • Product of sexual reproduction is seed.
• Seed Dispersal

  • Adaptive mechanism in seed-bearing plants.
  • Movement or transports of seeds away from parents plant to ensure their germination.
  • "Scattering of seed".
• Germination

  • Plant grows from a seed into seedling.
  • Seeds remain dormant until conditions are favorable for germination.
  • All seeds need water, oxygen and optimal temperature to germinate.
• Requirements for Gemination:

  Water

  • Allows the seed to swell up tha caueses seed coat (testa) to burst, allowing the growing embryo plant to exit the seed.
  • Allows enzymes in the embryo to start working so growth can occur that increases metabolic activity.
• Requirements for Germination:

  Oxygen

  • Required for respiration
  • Energy can be released for germination
• Requirements for Germination:

  Warmth

  • Germination improves as temperature rises up to a certain point as reactions which take place are controlled by enzymes, which cannot function effectively when temperatures are too low.
• • Flowering plants reproduce sexually through a process called pollination.
• • Self-pollination happens when plant's own pollen fertilizes its own ovules.
• • Cross-pollination happens when wind or animals move pollen from one plant to another.
• Female Reproductive Structure

  Pistil or Carpel

  • Female reproductive organ of a flower.
  • Consists of 3 main parts
• Parts of Pistil

  Stigma

  • Receptive surface at top of the pistil.
  • Pollen grains land during pollination.
• Parts of Pistil

  Style

  • Slender tube-like structure that connects the stigma to the ovary.
• Parts of Pistil

  Ovary

  • Swollen base of the pistil.
  • Contains one or more ovules. After fertilization, it develops into the fruit.
• Female Reproductive Structure

  Ovule

  • Structures that contain female gametes (egg cells).
  • Once fertilize, ovule develops into seed.
• Male Reproductive Structure

  Stamen

  • Male reproductive organ in flowering plants.
• Male Reproductive Structure: Stamen

  Anther

  • Top part of stamen
  • Produces pollen grains, contain male gametes (sperm cells).
• Male Reproductive Structure: Stamen

  Filament

  • Stalk that holds up the anther.
• Asexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Required DNA from one parents
• Types of Asexual Reproduction;

  Vegetation

  • Does not need seeds or spores.
  • Offspring grow from part of parents plant.
• Types of Asexual Reproduction

  Fragmentation

  • Involves new plants growing from small parts of parent plant that fall to the ground.
• Types of Vegetation

  Bulb

  • Scaly bulbs
  • Have base that is usually surrounded by modified leaves. These leaves from papery covering called a tunic.
  • New bulbs grow off of the parent bulb's base.
• Types of Vegetation

  Corms

  • Similar to true bulbs.
  • Corm doesn't have many layers.
  • Used up during the growing season and get replaced by one or more new corms.
• Types of Vegetation

  Tubers

  • Produce new plants from stems of growing points called eyes.
• Types of Vegetation

  Rhiomes

  • Stems that grow sideways along the soil or just below the surface.
  • they branch out to produce new points of growth.
• Types of Vegetation

  Stolons or Runners

  • Look like branches growing along the ground.
• Types of Vegetation

  Suckers

  • Roots that could give rise to new plants.
• Horticulturists

  • People who study plants.
• Angiosperm and gymnosper are two groups of seed-producing vascular plants.
• Angiosperm

  • Flowering plants
  • Reproductive system in flowers
  • Seed enclosed within ovary
  • Flat leaves
  • Seasonal life cycle
  • Triploid tissue
  • Pollinated by animals, wind, water
  • Hardwood
• Gymnosperms

  • Non-flowering plants
  • Reproductive system in cones
  • Unenclosed or naked seeds
  • Needle-like leaves
  • Haploid tissue
  • Mainly pollinated by wind
  • Softwood