BIO

• What is the difference

  between Plant Morphology and

  Plant Anatomy?

  Plant Morphology

  • external structures of the plant

   Plant Anatomy

  • internal structures of the plant
• What are the two systems

  based on morphology?

  Root system

  Shoot system
• Two Systems Based on Morphology

  1. Root system

   Roots

   Underground

   supports the plants and absorbs

  water and minerals

  2. Shoot system

   stem and leaves

  Two portions

  • the vegetative (non-

  reproductive) parts of the plant,

  such as the leaves and the

  stems,

  • the reproductive parts of the

  plant, which includes flowers

  and fruits.
• plant organ and the function.

  1. Roots
  2. Stem
  3. Leaves
  4. Flower
  5. Seed
  6. Fruits
• From what portion of

  the seed embryo does

  a root develop?

  Hypocotyl
• ROOT SYSTEM

  1.Fibrous/diffuse

  monocot; long, slender with numerous

  thread-like roots

  2. Taproot

  • dicot; primary and secondary root
• FOUR REGIONS

  1. Root Cap

  thimble-shape mass of cells; protects

  the tip of the root

   *mucigel: slimy substance; contains

  sugar, amino acids, enzymes, and

  vitamins

  *Functions of Mucigel*

  1. Protection from drying

  b. Lubricant

  c. Absorption of water

  d. Nutrient absorption
• FOUR REGIONS

  2. Meristematic Region

  *Apical meristem of

  the root =

  Meristematic region

   AKA zone of cellular

  division
• FOUR REGIONS

  3. Elongation Region

  cells in this region

  undergo

  enlargement,

  particularly in length,

  and are filled with

  large vacuoles.

   pushes the root cap
• FOUR REGIONS

  4.Maturation Region

  AKA region of

  differentiation

   contains elongated

  cells from the

  elongation region

   contains many root

  hairs
• STEM

  it is a collection of

  tissues arranged as

  nodes and

  internodes

   part of the shoot

  system

   grows from the

  epicotyl
• What are the two

  types of stem?

  Woody stem

  Herbaceous stem
• Types of Stem : 1. Woody Stem

  tough and not green;

  can live long; can grow

  in height and in diameter;

  covered by corky

  Bark

  Ex: Tree and shrub
• Parts of a Woody Stem

  1. External

   Lenticels-sites of loosely

  arranged cells that allow

  gas exchange to occur.

   Leaf scars-shows where

  a leaf was attached to the

  stem.

   Buds
• Buds

  Types of bud

   Terminal – located at the tip of the

  stem

   Lateral/axillary – located at the side

  of the stem

   Flower bud – produces a flower

   Leaf/branch bud – produces a

  leaf/flower

   Naked bud – not covered by leafy

  scales

   Covered bud - covered by leafy

  scales

   Active or dormant (resting) bud
• Parts of a Woody Stem

  B. Internal

   Bark – consists of the following:

   Cork – forms the outer layer; for

  protection

   Cork Cambium – produces the cork

   Cortex - stores nutrient

   Phloem – transports organic materials

   Wood or Xylem

   Annual Ring – is the ring/layer of the

  xylem tissues that are added during

  one growing year; determines the

  age of the tree/branch
• Types of Stem : 2. Herbaceous

  consist of soft,

  non- woody

  tissues
• LEAVES

   the most active organ of the plant

   most diverse
• 1. FUNCTIONS OF THE LEAF

   Major site for photosynthesis

   Sources of food spices

   Source of clothing

   Dyes, waxes, drugs and fuels

   Shade and shelter
• INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF

  1.Epidermis

  2.Guard cells

  3.Stomata

  4.Mesophyll

  5.Xylem

  6.Phloem
• FLOWERS

  Angiosperm

   the sporophytic structure

  specialized for sexual reproduction

   plant producing flower

  1. Essential Parts- includes the male (stamen)

  and female (pistil) reproductive system of a

  flower

  2. Accessory Parts- includes all other parts

  except stamen and pistil.
• SEEDS

  • Monocot

  cotyledon

  • Dicot

  two cotyledon
• FRUITS

  Ripened ovary with or without its associated parts

  Parts Description

  Exocarp External layer

  Endocarp Internal layer

  Mesocarp Middle Layer

  Pericarp Exocarp, mesocarp

  and endocarp